Various problems that contribute to the cycle of low achievement, grade repetition and high drop-out rates among Brazilian students, particularly those from low-income families, are reviewed. Information from Brazilian studies is considered together with studies from other Third World nations. Ways in which educational and school psychologists can contribute to the promotion of achievement and the decrease in school repetition and drop-out rates through research and other professional activities are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Armitage, J. , Neto, J.B.F.G., Hasbiwon, W., Holsinger, D.B. and Leite, H.R. (1986) School Quality and Achievement in Rural Brazil. Education and Training Series, Report no. EDT25, The World Bank.
2.
Bonnamigo, E.M.R. and Penna Firme, T. (1980) Repetencia no I Grau: Uma Nova Perspectiva de Andlise (First Grade Repetition: A New Perspective of Analysis). P6rto Alegre, RS: Relato de pesquisa, Curso de posgraduacao em Educacjo na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
3.
Brandao, Z. (1982) O Estado da Arte na Pesquisa Sobre Evasdo e Repetencia no Ensino Do I Grau no Brasil (The Present Status of the Research About Drop-out and Grade Retention in the Elementary Grade Level in Brazil), 3 vols. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional de Educacao e Pesquisas (INEP).
4.
Coombs, P.H. (1985) The World Crisis in Education. New York: Oxford University Press.
5.
Costa, M. (1985) Determinantes do Rendimento Escolar: Identificacdo, Sintese, Andlise e Interpretacao Dos Resultados Das Pesquisas Realizadas no Brasil (School Achievement Determiners: Identification, Synthesis, Analysis and Interpretation of Researches Done in Brazil). Brasilia: Relat6rio final de pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Educaq;do e Pesquisas (INEP).
6.
International Bureau of Education (1971) Wastage in Education: A World Problem. Brasilia: UNESCO, IBE.
7.
IPLAN/IPEA , UNICEF, SUDEPE (1986) 0 Menor e a Pobreza (The Young and the Poverty), Serie instrumenttos para a acao, no. 5. Brasilia: UNICEF.
8.
Rodrigues, A. (1982) 'Replication: A Neglected Type of Research in School Psychology', Interamerican Journal of Psychology16:91-109.
9.
Victoria, C.G. , Martins, J.C. and Costa, J.D. (1982) 'Fatores Socioecon6micos, Estado Nutricional e Rendimento Escolar' ('Socioeconomical Factors, Nutritional Conditions and School Achievement'), Cadernos de Pesquisa41:38-48.
10.
UNESCO (1987) Coping with Drop-out: A Handbook. Bangkok: UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.
