At the same time as pressures mount for the inclusion of intercultural perspec tives in the curriculum, resources for international education are diminishing. Against this backdrop the author develops a test of reasonable opposites to contrast Western and non-Western assumptions about educational objectives. Suggestions are made for increasing the non-formal, informal and individua lized educational opportunities in education as a cost-effective vehicle of inter national and intercultural education in the curricula.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bloom, B. (1956) A Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, New York: McKay.
2.
Bruner, J. (1964) 'Some theorems on instruction illustrated with reference to mathematics. In E. Hilgard (Ed.) Theories of Learning and Instruction. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
3.
Capra, F. (1977) The Tao of Physics. New York : Bantam Books.
4.
Casteneda, C. (1974) Tales of Power. New York: Simon and Schuster.
5.
Edgerton, W. (1975) 'Trends in educational exchange. Int. Educ. & Cultural Exchange, 11, 1.
6.
Hull, W. (1970) The influence of a random sample of international students upon American students in a sensitivity group experience. Ph.D. dissertation , Pennsylvania State University.
7.
International Institute of Education (1977 ) Open Doors. New York: I. I. E.
8.
Jordan, C. & Tharp, R. (1979) 'Culture and education. In T. Marsella, R. Tharp & T. Cibrowski, Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
9.
LaBelle, J.J. (1975) 'Liberation, development and rural nonformal education' Council Anthropological Educ. Qly, 6 (4), 20-27.
10.
Lambert, R. (1973) Language and Area Studies Review. Monograph 17 of the Am. Acad. Pol. and Soc. Sci, Philadelphia.
11.
Landers, T. (1973) 'The erosion of the American commitment to international educational exchange. Cosmos, 2, 23-27.
12.
LeVine, R. & D. Campbell (1972) Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes and Group BehaviourNew York: Wiley .
13.
Marsella, A. (1978) 'The modernization of traditional cultures: Consequences for the individual'. Intercultural Education, Training and Research The State of the Art, Vol. III, Washington D.C.: SIETAR.
14.
Mundy-Castle, A. (1976) 'Psychology and the search for meaning.' Univ. of Lagos, Nigeria, Inaugural Lecture.
15.
Paulston, R. (1972) Non-Formal Education: An annotated international bibliography. New York: Praeger .
16.
Pedersen, P. (1979) 'Non-western psychology: The search for alternatives '. In T. Marsella, R. Tharp & C. Cibrowski, Perspectives on Cross-Cultural Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
17.
Rosenau, J. (1973) International Studies and the Social Sciences: Problems, Priorities and Proposals in the United States. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications.
18.
Spalding, S. & Flack, M. (1975) The World's Students in the United States: A Review and Evaluation of Research on Foreign Students, 1967-1974. Pittsburg: Dept of State Contract 1742-32009.
19.
Tart, C. (1975) 'Some assumptions of orthodox Western psychology '. In C. Tart (Ed.) Transpersonal Psychologies. New York: Harper & Row, pp. 59-113.
20.
Triandis, H., Malpass, R. & Davidson, A. (1973) 'Psychology and culture'. Ann. Rev. Psychol., 24, 355-378.
21.
Watts, A. (1958) 'Asian psychology and modem psychiatry. In C. F. Reed, I. E. Alexander & S. S. Tomkins (Eds.) Psychopathology. New York: Wiley, pp. 755-762.