This study investigated the perceptions of adolescents concerning the relationship between chronic peer abuse and suicidal behaviour. The major thesis is that chronic peer abuse is an additional risk for adolescent suicidal behaviour. The results of the study upheld this contention and added a surprising component in that bystander perceptions supported victims' views.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Arora, C.M.J. (1996) 'Defining Bullying: Towards a Clearer General Understanding and More Effective Intervention Strategies', School Psychology International17(4): 317-329.
2.
Bastian, L. and Taylor, B. (1991) National Crime Victimization Survey Report. Washington, DC: United State Bureau of Justice Statistics.
3.
Batsche, G.M. and Knoff, H.M. (1994) 'Bullies and their Victims: Understanding a Pervasive Problem in the Schools', School Psychology Review23: 165-174.
4.
Berman, A.L. and Jobes, D.A. (1995) 'Suicide Prevention in Adolescents (Age 12-18)', Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior25: 143-154.
5.
Besag, V.E. (1989) Bullies and Victims in Schools:A Guide to Understanding and Management. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.
6.
Carney, J.V. (1997) 'Characteristics of Peer Abuse and Suicidal Behavior During Adolescence: An Assessment of Adolescent Perceptions', Dissertation Abstracts International58: 1598A-1598A.
7.
Charach, A. , Pepler, D. and Ziegler, S. (1995) 'Bullying at School: A Canadian Perspective', Education Canada Spring: 12-18.
8.
Cimbolic, P. and Jobes, D.A. (1990) 'Youth Suicide: The Scope of the Problem', in P. Cimbolic and D.A. Jobes (eds) Youth suicide: Issues, Assessment, and Intervention, pp. 3-32. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
9.
Cull, J.G. and Gill, W.S. (1988) Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) Manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
10.
Edelman, M.W. (1994) 'This is Not W7ho We are', in The Progress of Nations: 1994 UNICEF. New York: UNICEF House.
11.
Farrington, D.P. (1993) 'Understanding and Preventing Bullying', in M. Tonry (ed.) Crime and Justice: Vol. 14. A Review of Research, pp. 381-458. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
12.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (1995) Crime in the United States 1994. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
13.
Golding, S.L. (1985) 'Suicide Probability Scale', in J.W. Mitchell (ed.) Ninth Mental Measurement Yearbook, pp. 1500-1501. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
14.
Hazler, R.J. (1994) 'Bullying Breeds Violence: You Can Stop It', Learning21(6): 38-41.
15.
Hazler, R.J. (1996a) Breaking the Cycle of Violence: Interventions for Bullying and Victimization. Washington, DC: Accelerated Development.
16.
Hazler, R.J. (1996b) 'Bystanders: An Overlooked Factor in Peer on Peer Abuse', Journal for the Professional Counselor11(2): 11-21.
17.
Hazler, R.J. , Carney, J.V., Green, S., Powell, R and Jolly, L.S. (1997) 'Areas of Expert Agreement on Identification of School Bullies and Victims', School Psychology International18: 5-14.
18.
Hazler, R.J. , Hoover, J.H. and Oliver, R.L. (1991) 'Student Perceptions of Victimization by Bullies in Schools', The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development29: 143-150.
19.
Head, R. (1996) 'Remembering Brian', Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems5(1): 6-9.
20.
Hiruta, G. (1996) 'School Bullyingin Japan', unpublished manuscript, Fukushima University at Fukushima City, Japan.
21.
Hoover, J.H. , Oliver R.L. and Hazler, R.J. (1992) 'Bullying: Perceptions of Adolescent Victims in the Midwestern USA', School Psychology International13: 5-16.
22.
Kral, M.J. and Sakinofsky, I. (1994) 'A Clinical Model for Suicide Risk Assessment', in A.A. Leenaars, J.T. Maltsberger, and R.A. Neimeyer (eds) Treatment of Suicidal People, pp. 19-31. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
23.
Lane, D.A. (1989) 'Bullying in School: The Need for an Integrated Approach', School Psychology International10: 211-215.
24.
Learning Publications Inc. (1988) 'Shocking Violence in Schools', School Intervention Report7(1): 1-2.
25.
Mandak, J. (1997) 'Parents of Suicide Victim Sue School', Pittsburgh Tribune ReviewA1-A1.
26.
Matsui, T. , Kakuyama, T.Tsuzuki, Y. and Onglatco, M. (1996) 'Long-term Outcomes of Early Victimization by Peers Among Japanese Male University Students: Model of a Vicious Cycle', Psychological Reports79(3): 711-720.
27.
McDowell, E.E. and Stillion, J.M. (1994) 'Suicide Across the Phases of Life', in G.G. Noam, and S. Borst (eds) Children, Youth, and Suicide: Developmental Perspectives, pp. 1-6. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
28.
McKenzie, E. (1996) 'Suburban Youth Gangs and Public Policy: An Alternative to the War on Violence', Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems5(1): 52-55.
29.
Menesini, E.Eslea, M.Smith, P.K. and Genta, M.L. (1997) 'Cross-national Comparison ofChildren's Attitudes Towards Bully/Victim Problems in Schools', Aggressive Behavior23(4): 245-257.
30.
Napsha, J. (1996a) 'Parents of Suicide Victim Blame School', Pittsburgh Tribune ReviewA1-A1.
31.
Napsha, J. (1996b) 'Belle Vernon Meeting Session Seeks Racial Harmony, Pittsburgh Tribune ReviewA1-A1.
32.
National Center for Education Statistics (1995) 'Student Victimization at School', in Statistics in BriefWashington, DC: US Department of Education.
33.
O'Carroll, P.W. , Mercy, J.A., Hersey, J C., Bourdreau, C. and Odell-Butler, M. (1992) Youth Suicide Preventions Programs: A Resource Guide. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control, US Department of Health and Human Services.
34.
O'Moore, A.M. and Hillery, B. (1989) 'Bullying in Dublin schools', Irish Journal of Psychology10: 426-441.
35.
Olweus, D. (1993) Bulling at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
36.
Olweus, D. (1994) 'Bullying at School: Long-term Outcomes for Victims and an Effective School-based Intervention Program', in L.R. Huesmann (ed.) Aggressive Behavior: Current perspectives, pp. 97-130. New York: Plenum Press.
37.
Olweus, D. (1995) 'Bullying or Peer Abuse in School: Intervention and Prevention', in G. Davies, S. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran and C. Wilson (eds) Psychology, Law, and Criminal Justice: International Developments in Research and Practice, pp. 248-263. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
38.
Pfeffer, C.R. (1989) 'Life Stress and Family Risk Factors for Youth Fatal and Nonfatal Suicidal Behavior', in C.R. Pfeffer (ed.) Suicide Among Youth: Perspectives on Risk and Prevention, pp. 143-164. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
39.
Rigby, K. , Cox, I. and Black, G. (1997) 'Cooperativeness and BullyNictim Problems Among Australian Schoolchildren', Journal of Social Psychology137(3): 357-368.
40.
Salmivalli, C. , Karhunen, J. and Lagerspetz, K.M.J. (1996) 'How Do the Victims Respond to Bullying?', Aggressive Behavior22(2): 99-109.
41.
Schuster, B. (1996) 'Rejection, Exclusion, and Harassment at Work and in Schools', European Psychologist1(4):293-309.
42.
Sharp, S. (1995) 'How Much Does Bullying Hurt? The Effects of Bullying on the Personal Well-being and Educational Progress of Secondary Aged Students', Educational and Child Psychology12(2): 81-88.
43.
Skinner, A. (1992) Bully: An Annotated Bibliography of Literature and Resources. Leicester: Youth Work Press.
44.
Smith, P.K. (1989) 'The Silent Nightmare: Bullying and Victimization in School Peer Groups', paper presented at the meeting of the British Psychological Society, London, UK.
45.
Smith, P.K. (1994) 'What We Can Do to Prevent Bullying in School', The Therapist1: 12-15.
46.
Smith, P.K. and Sharp, S. (1994) School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives. London: Routledge.
47.
Snyder, H.N. , Sickmund, M. and Poe-Yamagata, E. (1996) Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1996 Update on Violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
48.
Stillion, J.M. (1994) 'Suicide: Understanding those Considering Premature Exits', in I.B. Corless, B.B. Germino, M. Pittman (eds) Dying, Death, and Bereavement: Theoretical Perspectives and Other Ways of Knowing, pp. 273-298. Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
49.
Stillion, J.M. , McDowell, E.E. and May, M.J. (1989) Suicide Across the Life Span: Premature Exits. New York: Hemisphere.
50.
Twemlow, S.W. , Sacco, F.C. and Preston, W. (1996) 'A Clinical and Interactionist Perspective on the Bully-Victim-Bystander Relationship', Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic60: 296-313.