Abstract
The Viable System Model (VSM) is a powerful tool to think about the complexity of human activities. However, in addition to models we need effective frameworks for action. This paper offers one such framework based on what is known as 'second-order cybernetics'. Second-order cybernetics put the emphasis in the observer and language as key aspects in order to develop explanations about our participation in human concerns. This emphasis permits us to develop a framework to discuss the complexity of human activities and with that it gives us a handle for problem solving in organisations; such a framework is introduced in this paper as the Cybernetic Methodology.
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