This paper is an attempt to provide an exhaustive review of work in the area of automatic control of depth of anaesthesia. It includes systems using both open and closed-loop control and describes 37 papers from 1949 through 1980.
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References
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Bellville, J.W., and Artusio, J.F., Jr 1956. 'Electroencephalographic frequency spectrum analysis during ether and cyclopropane anesthesia', Anesthesiology , 17, 653.
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Bickford, R.G., 1950a. 'Automatic electroencephalographic control of general anesthesia', Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol, 2,93.
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Bickford, R.G.1951b. 'Use of frequency discrimination in the electroencephalographic control of anesthesia (servo-anesthesia)', Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol, 3, 83.
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Coles, J.R., Brown, W.A., and Lampard, D.G.1971. 'Computer control of respiration and anesthesia ', Digest 9th Int Conf Med Biol Eng, Melbourne , p 141.
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Coles, J.R., Brown, W.A., and Lampard, D.G.1973. 'Computer control of respiration and anesthesia ', Med Biol Eng, 11, 262.
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Cowles, A.L., Borgstedt, H.H., and Gillies, A.J.1972. 'Digital computer prediction of the optimal anaesthetic inspired concentration', Br J Anaesth, 44, 420.
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da Silva, F.H.L., Smith, N.T., Zwart, A., and Nichols, W.W.1972. 'Spectral analysis of the EEG during halothane anesthesia: input-output relations', Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol , 33, 311.
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Degelman, J.1956. 'A coupling circuit for the Bickford integrator ', Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol, 8, 693.
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Esogubue, A. 0., Aggarwal, V., and Kaujalgi, V.1976. 'Computer-aided anaesthesia administration', Int J BioMedical Computing, 7, 271.
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Faulconer, A., Jr, and Bickford, R.G.1960. 'Servo-anesthesia', In: Electroencephalography in medicine, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, p 65.
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Hakansson, C.H., and Malcus, B.1969. 'A reflex-controlled automatic anaesthesia device for animal use', Phys Med Biol, 14,559.
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Kiersey, D.K., Faulconer, A., Jr, and Bickford, R.G.1954. 'Automatic electroencephalographic control of thiopental anesthesia', Anesthesiology, 15, 356.
Mapleson, W.W.1963a. 'An electric analogue for uptake and exchange of inert gases and other agents', J Appl Physiol, 18, 197.
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Mapleson, W.W.1963b. 'Theory of the uptake and distribution of methoxyflurane in man', In: Proceedings of the symposium on methoxylflurane held at the Royal Society of Medicine, Abbott Laboratories , Queen-borough, Kent p 7.
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Mapleson, W.W., Allott, P.R., and Steward, A.1974. 'A non-feedback technique for programmed anaesthesia ', Br J Anaesth, 46,805.
30.
Mapleson, W.W., Chilcoat, R.T., Lunn, J.N., Blewett, M.C., Khatib, M.T., and Willis, B.A.1980. 'Computer assistance in the control of depth of anaesthesia ', Br J Anaesth, 52, 234.
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Mayo, C.W., Bickford, R.G., and Faulconer, A., Jr, 1950 'Electroencephalographically controlled anaesthesia in abdominal surgery', JAMA, 144, 1081.
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Saidman, L.J. and Eger, E.I., II. 1964. 'Effect of nitrous oxide and narcotic premedication on the alveolar concentration of halothane required for anesthesia', Anesthesiology, 25, 302.
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Salamonsen, R.F., and Smith, K.1976. 'An approach to programmed anaesthesia', Anaesthesia, 31, 1043. Sama, 1970. Process measurement and control terminology. Publication PMC 20-2-1970 of the Scientific Apparatus Makers Association (USA), p 8.
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Smith, J.T., and Schwede, H. 0. 1972. 'The response of arterial pressure to halothane: a systems analysis', Med Biol Eng, 10, 207.
37.
Soltero, D.E., Faulconer, A., Jr, and Bickford, R.G.1951. "The clinical application of automatic anesthesia', Anesthesiology, 12, 574.
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Stahl, W.R.1965. 'A programmed automaton for anesthesia control ', Med Electronic Biol Engng, 3, 389.
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Suppan, P.1970. 'Feed-back monitoring in anaesthesia', Abstracts, 3rd European Congress of Anaesthesiology, 28,01.
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Suppan, P.1972. 'Feed-back monitoring in anaesthesia II: pulse rate control of halothane administration', Br J Anaesth, 44, 1263.
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Tatnall, M.L., and Morris, P.1977. 'Simulation of halothane anaesthesia in neonates' , In: Biomedical computing (ed. Perkins, W. J.), Pitman Medical, Tunbridge Wells, p 280.
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Tatnall, M.L., Morris, P., and West, P.G.1980. 'The control of anaesthesia: a parameter and state estimation approach. (To be published).