The instrument models, described in this paper, are intended for inclusion in larger models of processes and not as detailed models of instruments in their own right. These larger process models can be used either directly for control studies, or for simulation exercises where an estimate of the dynamic response of the process to disturbances is required. The emphasis in this paper is on models for use in digital simulations. The most important message of the paper is that the detail used to model the instrumentation should match the problem one is trying to solve. ?'he modeller should question the need for complex models of instrumentation and avoid over-elaboration whenever possible.
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