This paper investigates the formation control problem for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) under stochastic false data injection (FDI) attacks. The primary objective is to ensure that the USVs in the formation can achieve a predefined formation configuration while resisting external disturbances and FDI attacks in a bandwidth-constrained communication environment. An extended diagonal matrix-based model is firstly established to characterize the impact of FDI attacks. Subsequently, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the unknown system states and disturbance signals. By integrating quantized estimation information and a disturbance compensation mechanism, a formation guidance law for USVs is formulated to mitigate the effects of disturbances and stochastic FDI attacks, thereby achieving the predefined formation configuration. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, providing empirical evidence for its practical applicability.
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