Case reports in an evidence-based world

Sackett D.L. , Haynes R.B. , Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985: 297.

Vandenbroucke J.P. Observational research and evidence-based medicine: what should we teach young physicians? J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51: 467–77.

Editorial. Rise and fall of diseases. Lancet 1993; 341: 151–2.

Gottlieb M.S. Discovering AIDS. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 365–7.

Grmek M.D. History of AIDS: Emergence and Origin of a Modern Pandemic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Doll R. Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective. Stat Methods Med Res 1998; 7: 87–117.

Dahlbäck B. , Carlsson M. , Svensson P.J. Familial thrombophilia due to a previously unrecognized mechanism characterized by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: prediction of a cofactor to activated protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 1004–8.

Bertina R.M. , Koeleman R.P.C. , Koster T. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369: 64–7.

Bryan A.C. Conference on the scientific basis of respiratory therapy. Comments of a devil's advocate. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974; 110(6 Pt 2): 143–4.

Piehl M.A. , Brown R.S. Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 1976; 4: 13–14.

Vandenbroucke J.P. Clinical investigation in the 20th century: the ascendancy of numerical reasoning. Lancet 1998; 352: (S11) S12–S16.

Riou B. , Barriot P. , Rimailho A. , Baud F. Treatment of severe chloroquine poisoning. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1–6.

Goodwin J.S. The empirical basis for the discovery of new drugs. Persp Biol Med 1991; 35: 20–36.

Fagot-Largeault A. Les Causes de la Mort: Histoire naturelle et facteurs de risque. Paris: Librairie Vrin, 1989.

Hunter K.M. “There was once this guy. ”: the uses of anecdotes in medicine. Perspect Biol Med 1986; 29: 619–30.

Popper K. Conjectures and Refutations: the Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge, 1972: 47, 55, 22.

Susser M. The logic of Sir Karl Popper and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 711–18.

Charlton B.G. , Walston F. Individual case studies in clinical research. J Eval Clin Tract 1998; 4: 147–55.

Walker A.M. Newer oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Contraception 1998; 57: 169–81.

World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. (WHO Technical Report Series, no 877). Geneva: WHO, 1998.

de Bruijn S.F.T.M. , Stam J. , Vandenbroucke J.P. Increased risk of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with third-generation oral contraceptives. Lancet 1998; 351: 1404.

Martinelli I. , Taioli E. , Palli D. , Mannucci P.M. Risk of cerebral vein thrombosis and oral contraceptives. Lancet 1998; 325: 326.

Horst A. , Rüttner B. Die aseptische zerebrale Sinusthrombose. Schweiz Med Wschr 1991; 121: 1601–11.

Joss R.A. , Goldhirsch A. , Brunner K.W. , Galeazzi R.L. Sudden death in cancer patient on high-dose domperidone. Lancet 1982; i: 1019.

Pocock S.J. , Hughes M.D. Practical problems in interim analysis, with particular regard to estimation. Controlled Clin Trials 1989; 10: 209–21S.

Swinnen L.J. , Costanzo-Nordin M.R. , Fisher S.G. Increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorder after immunosuppression with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 in cardiac-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1723–8.

Nylenna M. , Riis P. Identification of patients in medical publications: need for informed consent. BMJ 1991; 302: 1182.

Snider D.E. Patient consent for publication. JAMA 1997; 278: 624–6.

Frøland S.S. , Jenum P. , Lindboe C.F. , Wefring K.W. , Linnestad P.J. , Böhmer T. HIV-1 infection in Norwegian family before 1970. Lancet 1988; i: 134–5.

Bignall J. , Horton R. Learning from stories—The Lancet's case reports. Lancet 1995; 346: 1246.