Pellagra and the Origin of a Myth: Evidence from European Literature and Folklore

Jaffé PD , DiCataldo F. Clinical vampirism: blending myth and reality. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1994; 22: 533–44.

Barber B. Vampires, Burial, and Death: Folklore and Reality. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.

Stoker B. Dracula. New York: Penguin, 1993.

Melton JG . The Vampire Book: the Encyclopedia of the Undead. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1994.

Heick A. Prince Dracula, rabies, and the vampire legend. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 172–3.

Sledzik PS , Bellantoni N. Bioarcheological and biocultural evidence for the New England vampire folk belief. Am J Phys Anthrop 1994; 94: 269–74.

Boffey PM . Rare disease proposed as cause for ‘vampire’. NY Times 31 May, 1985; A15.

Winkler MG , Anderson KE . Vampires, porphyria, and the media: medicalization of a myth. Perspect Biol Med 1990; 33: 598–611.

Sebrell WH . History of pellagra. Fed Proc 1981; 40: 1520–2.

Cotran RS , Kumar V , Robbins SL . Kobbins' Pathologic Basis of Disease, 4th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989.

Malfait P , Moren A , Dillon JC . An outbreak of pellagra related to changes in dietary niacin among Mozambican refugees in Malawi. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22: 504–11.

Bollet AJ . Politics and pellagra: the epidemic of pellagra in the U.S. in the early twentieth century. Yale J Biol Med 1992; 65: 211–21.

Hendricks WM . Pellagra and pellagralike dermatoses: etiology, differential diagnosis, dermatopathology, and treatment. Semin Dermatol 1991; 10: 282–92.

Dumitescu C , Lichiardopol R. Particular features of clinical pellagra. Rom J Intern Med 1994; 32: 165–70.

Spencer TN . Is black tongue in dogs pellagra? Am J Vet Med 1916; 11: 325.

Carpenter KJ , Harper AE , Olson RE . Experiments that changed nutritional thinking. Paper 9: Pellagra is not infectious! J Nutr 1997; 127: 1032S–1034S.

Danford DE . Pica and nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 1982; 2: 303–22.

Etheridge EW . The Butterfly Caste: a Social History of Pellagra in the South. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 1972: 9.

Shelley M. Frankenstein. New York: Bantam Books, 1991: xxiv.

Jukes TH . The prevention and conquest of scurvy, beriberi, and pellagra. Prev Med 1989; 18: 877–83.