The Impact of Stephen Hales on Medicine

Clark-Kennedy AE . Stephen Hales DD FRS: An eighteenth century biography. Cambridge: University Press, 1927.

Allan DGC Schofield RE . Stephen Hales: Scientist and philanthropist. London: Scolar Press, 1980.

Guerlac H . Dictionary of scientific biography, Vol 6. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972:35–48.

Hales S . Vegetable Staticks or an account of some statical experiments on the sap in Vegetables. London: Innys, Woodward, 1727.

Hales S . Statical Essays: Haemastaticks. London: Innes, Manby, Woodward, 1733.

Hales S . Letter to John Mickleborough. Trinity College, Cambridge (MS), 17 May 1733.

Collinson P . Ann Register. Characters 1764;7:42–9.

Hales S . An account of some experiments and observations on Mrs Stephens' medicines for the stone. London: Woodward, 1740.

Hales S . Some remarks on the boasted liquid shell. Gent Mag 1746;16:520.

Gooch B . Cases and practical remarks on surgery, 2nd edn. London, 1767:179.

von P Gruithuisen F . Med-Chir Z Salzburg 1813;93:289–331.

Cooper A . An account of a case in which numerous calculi were extracted from the bladder without the employment of cutting instruments. Med-Chir Transact 1821;11:349–60.

Coulson W . Lectures on lithotrity and lithotomy. Lancet 1852;ii:1–4.

Civiale DMP . Lettre sur la Lithotritie. Paris: Bailiiere, 1827:9.

Seerig AWH . Armamentarium Chirurgicum. Breslau: 1838, 1007; and Breslau: Elephant folio 1838; Plate 93, Figure 16.

Palmer JF . The works of John Hunter with notes. London: Longman, 1835;2:242; and The Works of John Hunter with notes: Quarto with plates. London: Logman, 1837; 8 & Plate 11; Figures 1–2.

Allen E Turk JL Murley RS . The case books of John Hunter FRS. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services Ltd, 1993 (in press).

Hales S . An account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances in preserving the health and lives of people in slave and other transport ships. Phil Trans 1755–56;49:332–9.

Hales S . An account of the good effect of ventilators in Newgate and the Savoy prisons. Gent Mag 1753;23:70–1.

Hales S . Notice of The Middlesex County Hospital for smallpox. Gent Mag 1747;17:270.

White G . Letter to Robert Marsham 25 February 1791. In: Harting JE . The natural history and antiquities of Selbourne thoroughly revised with additional notes. London: Bickers & Son, 1875:539.

Home E . Experiments and observations on the growth of bones from the papers of the late Mr Hunter. Trans Soc Improv Med Chir Knowledge 1880;2:277–86.

Whytt R . Physiological essays. Edinburgh: Hamilton, Balfour, Neil, 1755:176–91.