AlbertiKGMM, ZimmetP., ShawJ.The metabolic syndrome: a new worldwide definition.Lancet2005; 366: 1059–62
2.
LaaksonenD., LakkaH., NiskanenL., KaplanG., SalonenJ., LakkaT.Metabolic syndrome and the development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study.Am J Epidemiol2002; 156: 1070–7
3.
LakkaH.M., LaaksonenD.E., LakkaT.A.. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men.JAMA2002; 288: 2709–16
4.
MeigsJ.Invited commentary: Insulin Resistance Syndrome? Syndrome X? Multiple Metabolic Syndrome? A syndrome at all? Factor analysis reveals patterns in the fabric of correlated metabolic risk factors.Am J Epidemiol2000; 152: 908–11
5.
KahnR., BuseJ., FerranniniE., SternM.The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.Diabetes Care2005; 28: 2289–304
6.
HansonR., ImperatoreG., BennettP., KnowlerW.Components of the “metabolic syndrome” and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Diabetes2002; 51: 3120–7
7.
ReavenG.Role of insulin resistance in human disease.Diabetes1988; 37: 1595–607
8.
KannelW.B., DawberT.R., KaganA., RevotskieN., StokesJ.Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease-six-year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study.Ann Internal Med1961; 55: 33–50
9.
TyrolerH.A.Coronary heart disease epidemiology in the 21st century.Epidem Rev2000; 22: 7–13
10.
MeigsJ.B., D'AgostinoRDSnr, WilsonP.W., CupplesL.A., NathanD.M., SingerD.E.Risk variable clustering in the insulin-resistance syndrome. The Framington Offspring Study.Diabetes1997; 46: 1594–600
11.
BraunwaldE.Shattuck lecture—cardiovascular medicine at the turn of the millennium: triumphs, concerns, and opportunities.N Engl J Med1997; 337: 1360–9
HjermannI., HelgelandA., HolmeI., Lung-LarsenG., LerenP.The intercorrelation of serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking and body weight. The Oslo Study.Acta Med Scand1976; 200: 479–85
OstranderL., LamphiearD.Coronary risk factors in a community. Findings in Tecumseh Michigan.Circulation1976; 53: 152–6
16.
GordonT., CastelliW.P., HjortlandM.C., KannelW.B., DawberT.R.Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. The Framingham study.Ann Internal Med1977; 87: 393–7
17.
JarrettR.J.Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease-chicken, egg or neither?Diabetologia1984; 26: 99–102
18.
VagueJ.The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculus disease.Am J Clin Nutrition1956; 4: 20–34
19.
RicherP.Nouvelle Anatomie Artistique Du Corps Humain. I. Cour Practique. Elements D'anatomie. L'homme. II. Cours Superieur. Morphologie.La Femme: Plon Edit, 1920
20.
KadingH.Alter und Fettpolsterdicke als alleininger Maastab fur den Ernahrungszustand.Munchen Med Wchnschr1922; 69: 433
21.
HilleG.Die Fettpolsterdicke bei der Beurteilung des Ernahrungszustandes von Kindern.Arch Kinderheilkunde1923; 73: 134
22.
HimsworthH.P.Diabetes mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-senstive and insulin-insenstive types.Lancet1936; i: 127–30
23.
GinsbergH., KimmerlingG., OlefskyJ.M., ReavenG.M.Demonstration of insulin resistance in untreated adult onset diabetic subjects with fasting hyperglycemia.J Clin Invest1975; 55: 454–61
24.
ReavenG.M., OlefskyJ., FarquharJ.W.Does hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia characterise the patient with chemical diabetes?Lancet1972; i: 1247–9
25.
ShenS.W., ReavenG.M., FarquharJ.W.Comparison of impedance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake in normal subjects and in subjects with latent diabetes.J Clin Invest1970; 49: 2151–60
26.
World Health Organization.Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.Geneva: WHO, 1999
27.
Expert Panel on Detection E, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)[see comment].JAMA2001; 285: 2486–97
28.
BalkauB., CharlesM.A.Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR).Diabet Med1999; 16: 442–3
29.
EinhornD., ReavenG.M., CobinR.H., FordE., GandaO.P., HandelsmanY.. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome.Endocrine Practice2003; 9: 237–52
30.
GenuthS., AlbertiK.G., BennettP., Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Care2003; 26: 3160–7
31.
CameronA.J., ShawJ.E., ZimmetP.Z.The metabolic syndrome: prevalence in worldwide populations.Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am2004; 33: 351–75
32.
UnwinN., PatelS., BhopalR., FischbacherC., WhiteM., AlbertiG.A comparision of the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of WHO and NCEP definitions of the metabolic in three UK-based ethnic groups.Diabet Med2003; 20(Suppl 2): 66
33.
EdwardsK., AustinM., NewmanB., MayerE., KraussR., SelbyJ.Multivariate analysis of the insulin resistance syndrome in women.Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis1994; 14: 1940–5
34.
MeigsJB RB D.A., WilsonP.W., CupplesL.A., NathanD.M., SingerD.E.Risk variable clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome. The Framingham Offspring Study.Diabetes1997; 46: 1594–600
35.
ScuteriA., NajjarS.S., MorrellC.H., LakattaE.G.The metabolic syndrome in older individuals: prevalence and prediction of cardiovascular events: the cardiovascular health study.Diabetes Care2005; 28: 882–7
36.
SternM.P., WilliamsK., Gonzalez-VillalpandoC., HuntK.J., HaffnerS.M.Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease?Diabetes Care2004; 27: 2676–81 [erratum Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 238]
37.
De BackerG., AmbrosioniE., Borch-JohnsenK.. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice.Eur Heart J2003; 24: 1601–10
38.
LastJ.M.A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3rd edn.New York: Oxford University Press, 1995