Anon.Des inhalations d'éther comme moyen de reconnaître les maladies simulées.Gaz Méd Paris1847; 3rd series, 2: 209
2.
SnowJ.A lecture on the inhalation of vapour of ether in surgical operations.Lancet1847; i: 551–4
3.
WellsT.S.Remarks on the results of the inhalation of ether in one hundred and six cases.Lond Med Gaz1847; 5: 547–9
4.
Anon.Chloroform as a test of simulated disease.Lancet1848; i: 288
5.
BallingallG.Outlines of Military Surgery, 4th edn.Edinburgh: Black, 1852: 586
6.
Anon.Crimean Medical and Surgical Society, May 1856.Med Times Gaz1856; new series 13: 376–8
7.
Army Medical Department.Reports on the Health of the Army.London: HMSO, 1864: Vol. 4: 520–1; 1866: Vol. 8: 535–6; 1872: Vol. 14: 430–1
8.
D'AbernonH.Diary. Imperial War Museum, MS 92/22/1
9.
SpielmanF.J.The Civil War: anesthesia comes of age.J Civil War Med2001; 5: 9–12
10.
DeutschA.Military psychiatry: the Civil War 1861–1865. In: HallJ, ZilboorgG, BunkerHA, eds, One Hundred Years of American Psychiatry.New York: Columbia University Press, 1944: 367–84
11.
GrossS.D.A Manual of Military Surgery.Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1861: 162
12.
ChisolmJ.J.A Manual of Military Surgery.Richmond, Va: West & Johnston, 1862: 438–46
13.
WoodwardJ.J.Outlines Of The Chief Camp Diseases Of The United States Armies As Observed During The Present War: A Practical Contribution To Military Medicine.Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1863: 326
14.
KeenW.W., Weir MitchellS., MorehouseG.R.On malingering, especially in regard to simulation of diseases of the nervous system.Am J Med Sci1864; 48: 367–94
15.
BayardH.Appréciation médico-légale de l'action de l'éther et du Chloroforme.Ann Hyg Méd Légale1849; 42: 201–14
16.
Anon.On the medico-legal appreciation of ether and chloroform.Br Foreign Med-Chir Rev1849; 4: 567–8
17.
LandeR.G.Madness, Malingering And Malfeasance: The Transformation Of Psychiatry And The Law In The Civil War Era.Washington, DC: Brassey, 2003: 173
18.
MicaleM.S.Charcot and les névroses traumatiques: scientific and historical reflections.J Hist Neurosci1995; 4: 101–19
19.
MaceC.J.Hysterical conversion. I: A history.Br J Psychiatry1992; 161: 369–77
MilliganE.T.C.A method of treatment of ‘shell shock’.J Roy Army Med Corps1917; 28: 272–3
22.
WilsonG.Feigned Diseases, Their Detection and Management.Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1871: 14
23.
PollockC.E.Malingering.J Roy Army Med Corps1911; 16: 50–63
24.
DembeA.E.The medical detection of simulated occupational injuries: a historical and social analysis.Int J Health Serv1998; 28: 227–39
25.
HendersonT.Hints On The Medical Examination Of Recruits For The Army, new revised edn by RH Coolidge. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott,1856: 142–3, 153
26.
OrdronauxJ.Manual Of Instructions For Military Surgeons, On The Examination Of Recruits.New York: van Nostrand, 1863: 30
27.
BartholowR.A Manual of Instructions for Enlisting and Discharging Soldiers.Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1863: 100
28.
HarrisonM.Medicine and the management of modern warfare: an introduction. In: CooterR., HarrisonM., SturdyS., eds. Medicine and Modern Warfare.Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1999: 1–27
29.
van BergenL.‘The malingerers are to blame’; the Dutch Military Health Service before and during the First World War. In: CooterR., HarrisonM., SturdyS., eds. Medicine and Modern Warfare.Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1999: 59–76
30.
RutkowI.M.Bleeding Blue and Gray: Civil War Surgery and the Evolution of American Medicine.New York: Random House, 2005: 185–6
31.
FreemonF.R.The first neurological research center: Turner's Lane Hospital during the American Civil War.J Hist Neurosci1993; 2: 135–42