William Close (1775-1813): Medicine,Music,Ink and Engines in the Lake District

King-Hele D. The Essential Writings of Erasmus Darwin. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968

Pearn J.H. Professor Herman Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz 1821 - 1894. In: A Doctor in the Garden. Brisbane: Amphion Press, 2002: 184–5

Anonymous . Obituary: with Anecdotes of Remarkable Persons. Mr Wm. Close, surgeon and apothecary. Gentleman's Magazine 1813; 83: 298

Gaythorpe H. William Close: surgeon, apothecary, historian, musician of Dalton-in-Furness. Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club Annual Rep 1909; 17: 1–15

Buchanan R.A. Industrial Archaeology in Britain. London: Book Club Associates 1971

Close W. On the Lamp for Tallow, and the Combustion of that Material. Nicholson's J 1799; 3: 547–8

Close W. [On Improved Methods for Blasting Rocks]. West's Antiquities of Furness. Furness: G. Ashburner, 1804: 393.

Close W. Observations on blasting Rocks; with an Account of an Improvement, whereby the Danger of accidental Explosion is in a great Measure obviated. Nicholson's J 1805; 12: 171–4

Close W. Account of the Art and Instrument used for boring and blasting Rocks; with Improvements. Nicholson's J 1806; 13: 192–6

Close W. Observations on the Defects of the Trumpet, Bugle and French Horn, and the Extensions of their Musical Powers. Furness, 1812

UK Patent Office. Rolls Chapel Reports. 8th Report. Abridgement of the Specification of Patent No. 3505. [William Close of Dalton] for ‘Improvements on trumpets of different denominations, namely, the treble or common trumpet the French horn or tenor trumpet, and the bugle horn: p. 92

Baines A. The later brass. In: Musical Instruments Through the Ages. London: Penguin Books, 1969: 306–8

Close W. Composition of Writing Ink, possessing the permanent Colour, and other essential Properties, of the Ink used for Printing. Nicholson's J 1802; 11: 145–50

Sheldrake T. On the preparation of indelible ink. Nicholson's J 1802; 11: 237–8

The Gaythorpe Collection in Barrow Library, Barrow-in-Furness [www.dalton-in-furness.org.uk/dalton-online/history]

Close W. On the Combinations for supplying Worm Tubs with Cold Water, by the Syphon, with an easy Method of securing the Joints of such Hydraulic Apparatus against the Admission of the External Air. Nicholson's J 1801; 7: 191–2

Close W. Description of an Engine for raising water by the lateral motion of a stream of water through a conical tube. Nicholson's J 1801; 4: 293–8; 493-5

Close W. New application of the Syphon to raise water above the surface of the reservoir. Nicholson's J 1801; 4: 547–50; 1802; 5: 22-3

Close W. Construction of an hydraulic apparatus, which by means of the Syphon raises water above its level, and performs its alterations without attendance. Nicholson's J 1802; 1: 27–32

Close W. Concerning the Engine for raising Water by the lateral Communication of Motion. Nicholson's J 1801; 4: 493–5

Close W. Construction of an Hydraulic Apparatus, which by means of the Syphon raises Water above its Level, and performs its alterations without attendance. Nicholson's J 1802; 1: 27–32

Close W. Description and effects of an Apparatus for raising Water by means of air condensed in its descent through an inverted Syphon. Nicholson's J 1805; 12: 16–28

Boswell J.W. Improvements in the Hydraulic Engine of Schemnitz, and that of Mr. Goodwyn; with comparative Remarks on the most useful Applications of each, and some Facts relative to the Invention of the pressure Engine. Nicholson's J 1802; 2: 2–6