Abstract

References
1.
Bouchard
C.
,
Curie
P.
,
Balthazard
V.
Action physiologique de Radium. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 1904 ; 138 : 1384 –7
2.
Oliver
K.
75 years of radiation protection. Br J Radiol 1973 ; 46 : 954 –60
3.
Burrows
E.H.
Pioneers and Early Years—A History of British Radiology. Alderney CI : Colophon , 1986
4.
Blühmbaum
T.
,
Frik
K.
,
Kalkbrenner
H.
Neue Anwendungsart der Kolloide in der Röntgendiagnostik. Fortschr Geb Röntgenstrahlen 1928 ; 37 : 18 –29
5.
Martland
H.S.
,
Conlon
P.
,
Knef
J.
Some unrecognised dangers in the use and handling of radioactive substances. JAMA 1925 ; 85 : 1769 –76
6.
Granger
G.A.
Use of Thorotrast. BMJ 1967 ; ii : 112
7.
Hughes
R.
Chronic changes in the central nervous system following Thorotrast ventriculography. Proc R Soc Med 1953 ; 46 : 191 –5
8.
Bull
J.W.D.
The history of neuroradiology. In:
Rose
F.C.
,
Bynum
W.F.
, eds. Historical Aspects of the Neurosciences. New York : Raven , 1982
9.
Moniz
E.
Diagnostic des Tumeurs Cérébrales et Epreuve de l'encéphalographie Artérielle. Paris : Masson , 1931
10.
Moniz
E.
L'angiographie Cérébrale. Paris : Masson , 1934
11.
Twining
E.W.
,
Rowbotham
G.F.
Ventriculography by opaque injection. Lancet 1935 ; ii : 122 –5
12.
Alexander
P.
Atomic Radiation and Life. Harmondsworth : Penguin , 1965
13.
Swarm
R.L.
, ed. Late effects of thorium dioxide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1967 ; 145 : 523 –858
14.Anon. The dangers of Thorotrast. Lancet 1938 ; 1 : 36
15.Anon. Is Thorotrast safe? BMJ 1938 ; 1 : 903
16.
Boyd
J.T.
,
Langlands
A.O.
,
Maccabe
J.J.
Long-term hazards of Thorotrast. BMJ 1968 ; ii : 517 –21
17.
Machinami
R.
. Workshop on health effect of Thorotrast … other alpha emitters. Radiat Res 1999 ; 152 (suppl): 1 –171
18.
Schlemmer
H.P.
,
Liebermann
D.
,
Naser
V.
,
van Kaick
G.
Locoregional late effects of paravascular Thorotrast. J Neuroradiol 2000 ; 27 : 253 –63
19.
Maltby
G.
Progressive post-Thorotrast myelopathy. N Engl J Med 1964 ; 270 : 490 –6
20.
Dale
A.
,
Love
J.
Thorium dioxide myelopathy. JAMA 1967 ; 199 : 606 –9
21.
Meyer
M.
,
Powell
H.
. Thorotrast induced arachnoiditis associated with meningioma and Schwannoma. Hum Pathol 1978 ; 9 : 366 –70
22.
Freilich
D.
Cauda equina lesion due to Thorotrast. Aust NZ J Med 1983 ; 13 : 283 –4
23.
Pandya
P.M.
,
Keogh
A.J.
Arachnoiditis following intracranial Thorotrast. Clin Radiol 1992 ; 45 : 141 –3
24.
Holdorf
J.
Radiation damage to the brain. In:
Vinken
P.J.
,
Bruyn
G.
, eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology , Vol. 23 . Amsterdam : North Holland , 1975 : 639 –63
25.
Vecht
C.J.
,
van der Kogel
A.J.
Radiation myelopathy. In:
Vinken
P.J.
,
Bruyn
G.
,
Frankel
H.L.
, eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology , Vol. 61 . Amsterdam : North Holland , 1992 : 199 –213
