Carotid Endarterectomy—The Evidence

North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med 1988; 339: 1415–25

European Carotid Surgery Trialists Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998; 351: 1379–87

Rothwell P.M. , Slattery J. , Warlow CP. Clinical and angiographic predictors of stroke and death from carotid endarterectomy: systematic review. BMJ 1997; 315: 1571–7

Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421–8

Benavente O. , Moher D. , Pham B. Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis. BMJ 1998; 317: 1477–80

Naylor A.R. , Mehta Z. , Rothwell P. , Bell PRF. Carotid artery disease and stroke during coronary artery bypass surgery: a critical review of the literature. Br J Surg (in press)

Palerme L.P. , Hill A.B. , Obrand D. , Steinmetz OK. Is Canadian surgeons’ management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis at coronary artery bypass supported by the literature? A survey and a critical appraisal of the literature. Can J Surg 2000; 43: 93–113

Prytherch D.R. , Ridler B.M.F. , Beard J.D. , Earnshaw JJ on behalf of the Audit and Research Committee of the Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. A model for national outcome audit in vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001; 21: 477–83

Rothwell P.M. , Warlow CP. Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk modelling study. Lancet 1999; 353: 2105–10

Kuhan G. , Gardiner E.D. , Abida A.F. Risk modelling study for carotid endarterectomy. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1590–4

Deriu G.P. , Milite D. , Damiani M. Carotid endarterectomy without angiography: a prospective randomised pilot study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2000; 20: 250–3

Johnson D.C.C. , Goldstein LB. Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making: non-invasive vascular imaging versus angiography. Neurology 2001; 56: 1009–15

Norris J. , Rothwell PM. Noninvasive carotid imaging to select patients for arterectomy. Is it really safer than conventional angiography? Neurology 2001; 56: 990–1

Ballotta E. , Da Giau , Saladini M. , Abbruzzese E. , Renon L. , Toniato A. Carotid endarterectomy with patch closure versus carotid eversion endarterectomy with reimplantation: a prospective randomised study. J Vasc Surg 1999; 125: 271–9

Cao P. , Giordano G. , De Rango P. Eversion versus conventional carotid endarterectomy: late results of a prospective multicenter randomised trial. J Vasc Surg 2000; 31: 19–30

Counsell C. , Salinas R. , Naylor A.R. , Warlow CP. Routine or selective shunting during carotid endarterectomy and the different methods of monitoring in selective shunting. Cochrane Review: Cochrane Library 1998; issue 3: 1–12

Naylor A.R. , Hayes P.D. , Allroggen H. Reducing the risk of carotid surgery: a 7-year audit of the role of monitoring and quality control assessment. J Vasc Surg 2000; 32: 750–9

Tangkanakul C. , Counsell C. , Warlow CP. Local versus general anaesthesia in carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review of the evidence. Eur J Vase Surg 1997; 13: 491–9

Counsell C. , Salinas R. , Naylor A.R. , Warlow CP. A systematic review of the randomised trials of carotid patch angioplasty in carotid endarterectomy. Eur J Vase Surg 1997; 13: 345–54

AbuRhama A.F. , Robinson P.A. , Saiedy S. , Khan J.H. , Boland JP. Prospective randomised trial of carotid endarterectomy with primary closure and patch angioplasty with saphenous vein, jugular vein and polytetrafluoroethylene: long term follow-up. J Vasc Surg 1998; 27: 222–34

Earnshaw JJ. The endovascular revolution. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1997; 79: 81–2

CAVATAS investigators. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial. Laneet 2001; 357: 1729–37

Naylor A.R. , Bolia A. , Abbott R.J. Randomised study of carotid angioplasty and stenting versus carotid endarterectomy: a stopped trial. J Vasc Surg 1998; 28: 326–34