Aiming at Averages

Wyatt J.C. Management of explicit and tacit knowledge. J R Soc Med 2000; 94: 6–9

Renal Association. Treatment of Adult Patients with Renal Failure. Recommended Standards and Audit Measures. London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1997

NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines. Am J KidneyDis 2001; 37(suppl 1): S1–S238

Depner T. , Beck G. , Daugirdas J. , Kusek J. , Eknoyan G. Lessons from the hemodialysis (HEMO) study: an improved measure of the actual hemodialysis dose. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 33: 142–9

Smith W.C.S. , Lee A.J. , Crombie I.K. , Tunstall-Pedoe H. Control of blood pressure in Scotland: the rule of halves. BMJ 1990; 300: 981–3

Mead A. , Burnett S. , Davey C. Diabetic retinal screening in the UK. J R Soc Med 2001; 94: 127–9

Will E.J. Target practice. Int J Artif Organs 1998; 21: 433–6

Seghal A.R. , Snow R.J. , Singer M.E. Barriers to adequate delivery of hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31: 593–601

Palevsky P.M. , Washington M.S. , Stevenson J.A. Barriers to the delivery of adequate hemodialysis in ESRD network 4. Adv Renal Replace Ther 2000; 7(suppl 1): S11–S20

Jacobs C. , Horl W.H. , Macdougall I.C. European best practice guidelines 5: target haemoglobin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15(suppl 4): 15–19

Hansson L. , Zanchetti A. , Carruthers S.G. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755–62

Rose G. , Day S. The population mean predicts the number of deviant individuals. BMJ 1990; 301: 1031–4

Richardson D. , Bartlett C. , Will E.J. Intervention thresholds and ceilings can determine the haemoglobin outcome distribution in a haemodialysis population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 2007–13

Richardson D. , Bartlett C. , Jolly H. , Will E.J. Intravenous iron for CAPD populations: proactive or reactive strategies? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 115–19

Richardson D. , Bartlett C. , Will E.J. Optimizing erythropoietin therapy in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38: 109–17

Will E.J. Targets and targeting. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38: 411–14

Will E.J. , Cameron J.S. European guidelines for renal anaemia–predicting 85% compliance. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15: 439–40

Haynes B. Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it? BMJ 1999; 319: 652–3

Chalmers I. It's official: evaluative research must become part of routine care in the NHS. J R Soc Med 2000; 93: 555–6

Swales J. The troublesome search for evidence: three cultures in need of integration. J R Soc Med 2000; 93: 402–7