This article links the return of the propagandistas from Spain with the “Calamba Period,” which the author proposes as a critical period in the shift in the aspirations and strategies of the Spain-based propagandistas, the principales and the Filipino people. The parallels in the lives of the propagandistas as exiles in a foreign land, and those of the deportados as exiles in their own land pointed to the need for a more radical agenda. The significance of the “Calamba Period” and the political as well as cultural dimensions of the return to the Motherland are elaborated in the article.
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