This article focuses on the experiences of the ilustrados as exiles in Spain. Censorship was an important factor in the decision of several ilustrados to leave the country. In addition to the notable propagandistas, Jaena, del Pilar, and Rizal, the article also mentions others who were part of the Filipino community in Spain. In their campaign for reforms, the ilustrados worked hard to correct racist images drawn by Spanish writers about the Philippines and the Filipinos. Together with progressive Spaniards, they presented their demands for assimilation, good governance, and representation in the Cor-tés. The newspaper La solidaridad and the founding of masonic organizations were the venues for the reforms waged by the ilustrados. Rizal later concluded that they needed to return to the Motherland and to initiate change from within.
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