Using the 2000 Population Census of Japan, I assessed the factors that explain differences in enrollment in compulsory schooling between immigrant and Japanese children. I also examined the determinants of schooling by children's nationality. The results indicated that differences in enrollment rates by children's nationality were driven by human, social and regional capital. In particular, the absence of a Japanese member in a child's household and the low educational status of the mother put immigrant children at the risk of non-enrollment. Nationality-specific analysis revealed that determinants of schooling differed by children's nationality. Overall, the impact of mother's educational and work status was substantial. For Brazilian children, current place of residence was also found as an important factor that determines schooling.
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