The paper evaluates legal protections and social support systems for victims of trafficking and slavery in Australia within a human rights framework based on the United Nations Protocol to Prevent and Suppress Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and the UN Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking. A major focus of the paper is the evaluation of a system of visas offered by the Australian government to victims of trafficking and slavery. The paper argues that the visa system and social support program is restricted to the assistance of victims who participate in the criminal justice process, thereby limiting state protection of victims of trafficking and slavery.
Australian Parliament2005Supplementary Report to the Inquiry into the Trafficking of Women for Sexual Servitude. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Canberra.
4.
Australian Parliament2004Inquiry into Trafficking of Women for Sexual Servitude. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission, Canberra.
5.
BachelardMichael2006“Workers Forced to Pay Boss $10,000,”Sydney Morning Herald, 6 September, p. 2.
6.
BurnJenniferSimmonsFrances2005a“Rewarding Witnesses, Ignoring Victims: An Evaluation of the New Trafficking Visa Framework,”Immigration Review, 24:6–13.
BurnJenniferBlaySamSimmonsFrances2005“Combating Human Trafficking: Australia's response to Modern Day Slavery”Australian Law Journal, 79(9):543–552.
9.
CarringtonK.HearnJ.2003“Trafficking and the Sex Industry: From Impunity to Protection,”Current Issues Brief, No. 28, 2002–03, Department of the Parliamentary Library, Canberra.
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (DIMA)2005 Submission No. 16, Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee Inquiry in the Criminal Code Amendment (Trafficking in Persons Offences) Bill 2004 [2005]. Canberra, Australia.
12.
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs (DIMA)2004Migration Series Instruction 391: People Trafficking. Canberra, Australia.
13.
End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT -UK)2002“Briefing on a proposal for European Council Directive (COM (2002) 71 FINAL) on the Short-Term Residence Permit issued to victims of action to facilitate illegal immigration or trafficking in human beings who co-operate with the competent authorities.” Available at http://www.antislavery.org/archive/other/antislaveryecpatukresponse.pdf, accessed on 18 December 2006.
Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission (HREOC)2005Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee Inquiry into the Criminal Code Amendment (Trafficking in Persons Offences) Bill 2004 [2005], Committee Hansard, Ms Sally Moyle, 23 February, p. 9.
16.
International Labour Office (ILO)2005A Global Alliance against Forced Labour. Geneva: International Labour Office.
17.
International Organization for Migration (IOM)2005“Data and Research on Human Trafficking: A Global Survey,”International Migration (Special Issue), 43(1/2).
18.
JahicGalmaFinckenauerJames O.2005“Representations and Misrepresentations of Human Trafficking,”Trends in Organized Crime, 8(3):24–40.
19.
LaczkoFrankGramegnaMarco A.2003“Developing Better Indicators of Human Trafficking,”Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10(1):179–194.
20.
ToniMakkaiMcCuskerRob2004“What Do We Need to Know? Improving the Evidence Base on Trafficking in Human Beings in the Asia-Pacific Region,”Development Bulletin, 66(December):36–42.
21.
MercerNeil2005“Slavery Trial Ends in Uproar,”The Sunday Telegraph, 2 October, p. 25.
22.
O'BrienNatalieWynhausenElisabeth2005“Use and Abuse,”The Australian, 12 January 2005, p. 11.
23.
PearsonElaine2002Human Traffic, Human Rights: Redefining Victim Protection. London, Anti-Slavery International.
24.
Project Respect2004One Victim of Trafficking is One Too Many: Counting the Human Cost of Trafficking. Victoria: Project Respect.
SegraveM.2004“Surely Something is Better Than Nothing? The Australian Response to the Trafficking of Women into Sexual Servitude in Australia,”Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 16(1): 85–92.
27.
SullivanB.2004“Prostitution Policies in Australia.” In The Politics of Prostitution: Women's Movements, Democratic States and the Globalisation of Sex Commerce. Edited by OutshoornJ., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR)2002Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council. UN Doc. E/2002/68/Add.1(2002).
United States Government Accountability Office2006“Human Trafficking: Better Data, Strategy, and Reporting Needed to Enhance U.S. Antitrafficking Efforts Abroad.” Report to the Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary and the Chairman, Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
33.
YeaSallie2004a“Challenges in Eliminating Sex Trafficking: Victim Control Mechanisms and Compensation in South Korea,”Development Bulletin, 66(December):99–103.
34.
YeaSallie2004b“Sites of Vulnerability, Gendered Violence and Trafficking of Women and Girls for Prostitution,”Development Bulletin, 66(December):78–82.
35.
YeaSallieBurnJennifer2006“Sex Trafficking of Thai Women and Girls to Australia.” Unpublished manuscript.
