Pediatric patients now survive and thrive because of advancements made in nutrition support. Growth and development is of paramount importance in this population and adequate nutrition is necessary. Growth of premature infants receiving nutrition support mirrors intrauterine rates. Survival without nutrition support is not always assured because of inadequate nutrient stores. Institution of nutrition support in children with chronic illnesses also promotes growth and development. Enteral nutrition is preferred because of immunologic benefits, lower cost, and less frequent infectious complications. Parenteral nutrition should be considered when enteral nutrition fails or is contraindicated. Successful nutrition rehabilitation can result if both enteral and parenteral nutrition are initiated slowly and advanced as tolerated. Ongoing monitoring is essential while promoting "normal" growth and development.
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