Brotman DN, Flancbaum L., Kang YH, Merrill GF, Fisher H.Positive inotropic effect of carcinine in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. Crit Care Med1990;18:317-21.
2.
Holaday JW, Malcolm DSEndogenous opioids and other peptides: evidence for their clinical relevance in shock and CNS injury. In: Chernow B, Holoday JW, Zaloga GP, Zaritsky AL, eds. The pharmacologic approach to the critically ill patient. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1988:718-32.
3.
Crampton RF, Gangolli SD, Simson P., Matthews DMRates of absorption by rat intestine of pancreatic hydrolysates of proteins and their corresponding amino acid mixtures. Clin Sci1971;41:409-417.
4.
Lis MT, Crampton RF, Matthews DMEffect of dietary changes on intestinal absorption of L-methionine and L-methionyl-L-methionine in the rat. Br J Nutr1972;27:159-67.
5.
Lis MT, Matthews DMEffects of dietary restriction and protein deprivation on intestinal absorption of protein digestion products in the rat. Br J Nutr1972;28:443-6
6.
Grimble GK, Rees RG, Keohane PP, Cartwright T., Desreumaux M., Silk DBA.Effect of peptide chain length on absorption of egg protein hydrolysates in the normal human jejunum. Gastroenterology1987;92:136-42.
7.
Hegarty JE, Fairclough PD, Moriarty KJ, Kelly MJ, Clark MLEffects of concentration on in vivo absorption of a peptide containing hydrolysate . Gut1982;23:304-9.
8.
Moriarty KJ, Hegarty JE, Fairclough PD, Kelly MJ, Clark ML, Dawson AMRelative nutritional value of whole protein, hydrolysed protein, and free amino acids in man. Gut1985;26:694-9.
9.
Granger DN, Brinson RRIntestinal absorption of elemental and standard enteral formulas in hypoproteinemic (volume expanded) rats. JPEN1988;12:278-81.
10.
Brinson RR, Pitts VL, Taylor AEIntestinal absorption of peptide enteral formulas in hypoproteinemic (volume expanded) rats: a paired analysis. Crit Care Med1989;17:657-60.
11.
Plumb JA, Gardner MLG.Can elemental diets reduce the intestinal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil?JPEN1983;7:351-7.
12.
Trocki O., Mochizuki H., Dominioni L., Alexander JWIntact protein versus free amino acids in the nutritional support of thermally injured animals. JPEN1986;10:139-45.
13.
Brinson RR, Kolts BEDiarrhea associated with severe hypoalbuminemia: a comparison of a peptide-based chemically defined diet and standard enteral alimentation. Crit Care Med1988;16:130-6.
14.
Meredith JW , Ditesheim JA, Zaloga GPVisceral protein levels in trauma patients are greater with peptide diet than intact protein diet . J Trauma1990;30:825-9.
Adibi SA, Fogel MR, Agrawal RMComparison of free amino acid and dipeptide absorption in the jejunum of sprue patients. Gastroenterology1974;67:586-91.
17.
Silk DBA , Kumar PJ, Perrett D., Clark ML, Dawson AMAmino acid and peptide absorption in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Gut1974;15:1-8.
18.
Fogel MR, Ravitch MM, Adibi SAFree amino acid and dipeptide absorption in the jejunum of patients with jejunoileal bypass for obesity (Abstract). Gastroenterology1975;68:894.
19.
Beer WH, Fan A., Halsted CHClinical and nutritional implications of radiation enteritis. Am J Clin Nutr1985;41:85-91.
20.
Smith JL, Arteaga C., Heymsfield SBIncreased ureagenesis and impaired nitrogen use during infusion of a synthetic amino acid formula. N Engl J Med1982;306:1013-8.
21.
Sori AJ, Rush BF, Lysz TW, Smith S., Machiedo GWThe gut as a source of sepsis after hemorrhagic shock. Am J Surg1988;155:187-92.
22.
Koziol J., Rush BF, SMith SM, Machiedo GWOccurrence of bacteremia during and after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma1988;28:10-6.
23.
Alverdy JC, Aoys E., Moss GSTotal parenteral nutrition promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery1988;104:185-90.
24.
Zaloga GP, Knowles R., Ward K., Prielipp R.Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) increases mortality following hemorrhage . Crit Care Med (in press).
25.
Fox AD, Kripke SA, DePaula J., Berman JM, Settle RG, Rombeau JLEffect of a glutamine-supplemented enteral diet on methotrexate-induced enterocolitis . JPEN1988;12:325-31.
26.
McAnena OJ, Harvey LP, Bonau RA, Daly JMAlteration of methotrexate toxicity in rats by manipulation of dietary components . Gastroenterology1987;92:354-60.
27.
Shou J., Lieberman M., Hofmann K. et al. Dietary manipulation of methotrexate (MTX)-induced enterocolitis (Abstract). JPEN1990;14:12S.
28.
Harvey LP, McAnena OJ, Mehta BM, Daly JMReversibility of elemental liquid diet-induced methotrexate toxicity by refeeding with chow. JPEN1987;11:119-23.
29.
Bounous G., Hugon J., Gentile JMElemental diet in the managment of the intestinal lesion produced by 5-fluorouracil in the rat. Can J Surg1971 ;14:298-311.
30.
Bounous G., Maestracci D.Use of an elemental diet in animals during treatment with 5-fluorouracil . Cancer Treat Rep1976;60:17-22.
31.
Stanford JR , King D., Carey L., Anderson G.The adverse effects of elemental diets on tolerance for 5-FU toxicity in the rat. J Surg Oncol1977;9:493-501.
32.
Bounous G., Papeau R., Regoli D.Enhanced 5-FU mortality in rats eating defined formula diets. Int J Clin Pharmacol1978;16:265-7.
33.
Brinson RR, Pitts WMThe effect of endotoxin on the intestinal microcirculation of the rat: influence of peptide based and free amino acid diets (Abstract). JPEN1989;13:23S.
34.
Brinson RR, Pitts WM, Benoit J.Effect of β-casomorphin, a casein hydrolysate derivative, on intestinal permeability in volume expanded hypoproteinemic rats (Abstract). JPEN1990;14:10S.
35.
Anderson WMD , Brinson RR, Conrad SA, Robinson RHIntestinal protein loss during enteral alimentation in critically ill patients (Abstract). JPEN1990;14:24S.
36.
Young EA, Cioletti LA, Traylor JB, Balderas V.Gastrointestinal response to oral versus gastric feeding of defined formula diets. Am J Clin Nutr1982;35:715-26.
37.
Knodell RGEffects of formula composition on hepatic and intestinal drug metabolism during enteral nutrition. JPEN1990;14:34-8.
38.
Feller A., Rudman D., Caindec N.Comparison of nutritional efficacy of peptamin and vivonex TEN elemental diets in elderly tube fed subjects (Abstract). JPEN1989;13:12S.
39.
Zaloga GP, Ward KA, Prielipp RCThe effect of enteral diets on whole body and gut growth in unstressed rats . (Abstract) JPEN (in press).
40.
Poullain MG , Cezard JP, Roger L., Mendy F.Effect of whey proteins, their oligopeptide hydrolysates, and free amino acid mixtures on growth and nitrogen retention in fed and starved rats. JPEN1989;13:382-6.
41.
Imondi AR, Stradley RPUtilization of enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean protein and crystalline amino acid diets by rats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. J Clin Invest1974;104:793-801.
42.
Janne P., Carpentier Y., Willems G.Colonic mucosal atrophy induced by a liquid elemental diet in rats . Dig Dis Sci1977;22:808-12.
43.
Morin CL, Ling V., Bourassa D.Small intestinal and colonic changes induced by a chemically defined diet . Dig Dis Sci1980;25:123-8.
44.
Birke H., Thorlacus-Ussing O., Hessov I.Trophic effect of dietary peptides on mucosa in the rat small bowel (Abstract) . JPEN1990;14:26S.
45.
Rerat A., Nunes CS, Mendy F., Roger L.Amino acid absorption and production of pancreatic hormones in non-anaesthetized pigs after duodenal infusions of a milk enzymatic hydrolysate or of free amino acids. Br J Nutr1988;60:121-36.
46.
Sircar B., Johnson LR, Lichtenberger LMEffect of chemically defined diets on antral and serum gastrin levels in rats . Am J Physiol1980;238:G376-G383.
47.
Jones NJM , Lees R., Andrews J., Frost P., Silk DBA.Comparison of an elemental and polymeric enteral diet in patients with normal gastrointestinal function. Gut1983;24:78-84.
48.
Cerra FB, Shronts EP, Raup S., Konstantinides N.Enteral nutrition in hypermetabolic surgical patients. Crit Care Med1989;17:619-22.