Chandra RKNutritional regulation of immunity: an introduction. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology: contemporary issues in clinical nutrition, vol. 11. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988:1-8.
2.
Wan JMF , Haw MP, Blackburn GLNutrition, immune function, and inflammation: an overview. Proc Nutr Soc1989;48:315-35.
3.
Lehrer RI, Ganz T., Selsted ME, et al. Neutrophils and host defense. Ann Intern Med1988;109:127-42.
4.
Chandra RKNutrition, immunity and infection: present knowledge and future directions . Lancet1983;1:688-91.
5.
MacLean LD, Meakins JL, Taguchi K., et al. Host resistance in sepsis and trauma. Ann Surg1975;182:207-11.
6.
Meakins JL, Pietsch JB, Bubenick O., et al. Delayed hypersensitivity: indicator of acquired failure of host defenses in sepsis and trauma. Ann Surg1977 ;186:241-6.
7.
Twomey P., Ziegler D., Rombeau J.Utility of skin testing in nutritional assessment: a critical review . JPEN1982;6:50-8.
8.
Smythe PM, Schonland M., Brereton-Stiles GG, et al. Thymolymphatic deficiency and depression of cell mediated immunity in protein-calorie malnutrition. Lancet1971 ;2:939-43.
9.
Chandra RK, Ali SK, Kutty KM, et al. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity in low birth weight infants. Biol Neonate1977 ;31:15-8.
10.
Chandra RKRosette forming T lymphocytes and cell-mediated immunity in malnutrition . Br Med N1974;3:608-9.
11.
Van Buren CT , Rudolph F., Kulkarni A., et al. Reversal of immunosuppression induced by a protein-free diet: comparison of nucleotides, fish oil, and arginine . Crit Care Med1990 ;18:S114-7.
12.
Christou N. , Tellado-Rodriquez J., Chartrand L., et al. Estimating mortality risk in preoperative patients using immunologic, nutritional and acute-phase response variables. Ann Surg1989 ;210:69-77.
13.
Cerra FB, Holman RT, Bankey PE, et al. Nutritional pharmacology: its role in the hypermetabolism-organ failure syndrome. Crit Care Med1990;18:S154-8.
14.
Cerra FBHypermetabolism, organ failure and metabolic support. Surgery1987;101:1-14.
15.
Alexander JW , MacMillan BG, Stinnett JC, et al. Beneficial effects of aggressive protein feeding in severely burned children. Ann Surg1980;192:505-17.
16.
Saito H., Trocki O., Alexander JW, et al. The effect of route of nutrient administration on the nutritional state, catabolic hormone secretion, and gut mucosal integrity after burn injury . JPEN1987;11:1-7.
17.
Trocki O., Mochizuki H., Dominioni L., et al. Intact protein versus free amino acids in the nutritional support of thermally injured animals. JPEN1986;10:139-45.
18.
Mochizuki H. , Trocki O., Dominioni L., et al. Effect of a diet rich in branched chain amino acids on severely burned guinea pigs. J Trauma1986;26:1077-85.
19.
Saito H., Trocki O., Wang SL, et al. Metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine supplementation after burn. Arch Surg1987;122:784-9.
20.
Barbul A.Arginine and immune function. Nutrition1990 ;6:53-62.
21.
Seifter E., Rettura G., Barbul A., et al. Arginine: an essential amino acid for injured rats. Surgery1978;84:224-30.
22.
Barbul A., Wasserkrug HL, Seifter E., et al. Immunostimulatory effects of arginine in normal and injured rats. J Surg Res1980;29:228-35.
23.
Barbul A., Fishel RS, Shimazu S., et al. Intravenous hyperalimentation with high arginine levels improves wound healing and immune function. J Surg Res1985;38:328-34.
24.
Barbul A., Sisto DA, Wasserkrug HL, et al. Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in healthy human beings. Surgery1981;90:244-51.
25.
Lowell JA, Parnes HL, Blackburn GLDietary immunomodulation: beneficial effects on oncogenesis and tumor growth . Crit Care Med1990;18:S145-8.
26.
Tachibana K. , Mukai K., Hiraoka I., et al. Evaluation of the effect of arginine-enriched amino acid solution on tumor growth. JPEN1985;9:428-34.
27.
Reynolds JV , Zhang SM, Thom AK, et al. Arginine as an immunomodulator. Surg Forum1987;38:415-8.
28.
Reynolds JV , Thom AK, Zhang SM, et al. Arginine, protein malnutrition, and cancer. J Surg Res1988;45:513-22.
29.
Daly JM, Reynolds JV, Thom A., et al. Immune and metabolic effects of arginine in the surgical patient . Ann Surg1988;208:512-23.
30.
Daly JM, Reynolds JV, Sigal RKEffect of dietary protein and amino acids of immune function. Crit Care Med1990;18:586-93.
31.
Kinsella JE, Lokesh B.Dietary lipids, eicosanoids, and the immune system, Crit Care Med1889;18:S94-113.
32.
Johnston PV, Marshall LADietary fat, prostaglandins and the immune response. Prog Food Nutr Sci1984;8:3-25.
33.
Goodwin J., Ceuppens J.Regulation of the immune response by prostaglandins. J Clin Immunol1983;3:295-315.
34.
Goodwin JS, Bankhurst AD, Messner RPSuppression of human T-cell mitogenesis by prostaglandins: existence of a prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell. J Exp Med1977;146:1719-34.
35.
Rodgers TGThe role of AA metabolites in the function of murine suppressor cells . In: Goodwin TS, ed. Prostaglandins and immunity. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff , 1985.
36.
Mochizuki H. , Trocki O., Dominioni L., et al. Optimal lipid content for enteral diets following thermal injury. JPEN1984;8:638-46.
37.
Alexander JW , Saito H., Trocki O., et al. The importance of iipid type in the diet after burn injury. Ann Surg1986;204:1-8.
38.
Alexander JW , Gottschlich MMNutritional immunomodulation in burn patients . Crit Care Med1990;18:S149-53.
39.
Peck MD, Ogle CK, Alexander JW, et al. The effect of dietary fatty acids on response to Pseudomonas infection in burned mice. J Trauma1990;30:445-52.
40.
Yamazaki K. , Maiz A., Moldawer LL, et al. Complications associated with the overfeeding of infected animals. J Surg Res1986;40:152-8.
41.
Alexander JW , Gonce SJ, Miskell PW, et al. A new model for studying nutrition in peritonitis: the adverse effect of overfeeding. Ann Surg1989;209:334-40.
42.
Peck MD, Alexander JW, Gonce SJ, et al. Low protein diets improve survival from peritonitis in guinea pigs. Ann Surg1989;209:448-54.
43.
Kulkarni AD , Fanslow WC, Rudolph FB, et al. Modulation of delayed hypersensitivity in mice by dietary nucleotide restriction. Transplantation1987;44:847-9.
44.
Kulkarni SS , Bhateley DC, Zander AR, et al. Functional impairment of T-lymphocytes in mouse radiation chimeras by a nucleotide-free diet. Exp Hematol1984;12:694-9.
45.
Kulkarni AD , Fanslow WC, Drath DB, et al. Influence of dietary nucleotide restriction on bacterial sepsis and phagocytic cell function in mice. Arch Surg1986;121:169-72.
46.
Alexander JW , Peck MDFuture prospects for adjunctive therapy: pharmacologic and nutritional approaches to immune system modulation. Crit Care Med1990;18:S159-64.
47.
Border JR, Hassett J., LaDuca J.The gut origin septic states in blunt multiple trauma (ISS = 40) in the ICU . Ann Surg1987;206:427-48.
48.
Alverdy JC, Aoys E., Moss G.Total parenteral nutrition promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery1988;104:185-90.
49.
Herskowitz K., Souba WWIntestinal glutamine metabolism during critical illness: a surgical perspective. Nutrition1990;6:199-206.
50.
Palacio JC, Rombeau JLDietary fiber: a brief review and potential application to enteral nutrition . NCP1990;5:99-106.
51.
Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, et al. TEN versus TPN following major abdominal trauma: reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma1989;29:916-23.
52.
Bower RHA unique enteral formula as adjunctive therapy for septic and critically ill patients. Multicenter study: design and rationale. Nutrition1990;6:92-5.