Invited Review: Parenteral Nutrition in Obstetric Patients

.1 Dudrick S. , Rhoads J. , Vars H. Growth of puppies receiving all nutritional requirements by vein. Forsche Parenteral Ernabrung 1967;2:16-21.

Dudrick S. , Wilmore D. , Vars H. , et al. Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance. Surgery 1968 ;64:134-42.

Lakoff K. , Felman J. Anorexia nervosa associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1972;39:699-701.

Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Team. Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Manual (5th ed). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Hospitals , 1988.

Lee R. , Rodger B. , Young C. , Eddy E. , Cardinal J. Total parenteral nutrition in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68:563-71.

Levine M. , Esser D. Total parenteral nutrition for the treatment of severe hyperemesis gravidarum; maternal nutritional effects and fetal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:102-7.

Rayburn W. , Wolk R. , Mercer N. , Roberts J. PN in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1986;41:200-14.

Seifer D. , Silberman H. , Catanzarite V. , et al. Total parenteral nutrition in obstetrics. JAMA 1985;253:2073-5.

Benny P. , Legge M. , Aickin D. The biochemical effects of maternal hyperalimentation during pregnancy . NZ Med J 1978;88:283-5.

Breen K. , McDonald I. , Panelli D. , Ihle B. Planned pregnancy in a patient who was receiving home PN. Med J Australia 1987;146:215-7.

Cole B. , Seltzer M. , Kassabian J. , Abboud S. PN in a pregnant cystic fibrosis patient. JPEN 1987;11:205-7.

Cox K. , Byrne W. , Ament M. Home total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy: a case report. JPEN 1981;5:246-9.

Di Constanzo J. , Martin J. , Cano N. , et al. Total parenteral nutrition with fat emulsions during pregnancy-nutritional requirements: a case report. JPEN 1982;6:534-8.

Gineston J. , Carpon J. , Delcenserie R. , et al. Prolonged total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant woman with acute pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1984;6:249-52.

Gray D. , Cabaniss M. Home total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant diabetic after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. JPEN 1989;13:214-7.

Herbert W. , Seeds J. , Bowes W. , Sweeney C. Fetal growth response to total parenteral nutrition in pregnancy: a case report . J Reprod Med 1986;31:263-6.

Hew L. , Dietal M. Total parenteral nutrition in gynecology and obstetrics. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:464-8.

Jacobson L. , Clapp D. TPN in pregnancy complicated by Crohn's disease . JPEN 1987;11:93-6.

Karamatsu J. , Boyd A. , Cooke J. , Vinall P. , McMahon M. Intravenous nutrition during twin pregnancy . JPEN 1987;11:499-501.

Klein F. , Lin C. , Lowensohn R. Total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy. American Dietary Association 66th Annual Meeting, September 12-15, 1983 :147.

Lavin J. , Gimmon Z. , Miodovnik M. , et al. Total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant insulin requiring diabetic . Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:660-4.

LeGrix A. , Colin R. , Galmiche J. , et al. Acute outbreak of haemorrhagia rectocolitis in a pregnant woman treated with prolonged total parenteral nutrition (letter) I. Nouv Presse Med 1978;7:30.

Lipkin E. , Benedetti T. , Chait A. Successful pregnancy outcome using total parenteral nutrition from the first trimester of pregnancy. JPEN 1986 ;10:665-9.

Loiudice T. , Chandrakaar C. Pregnancy and jejuoileal bypass: treatment of complications with total parenteral nutrition. South Med J 1980;73:256-61.

Main A. , Shenkin A. , Black W. , et al. Intravenous feeding to sustain pregnancy in patient with Crohn's disease. Br Med J 1981;283:1221-2.

Martin R. Hyperalimentation during pregnancy. Clin Consult Nutr 1982;25:9-12.

Nugent F. , Rajala M. , O'Shea R. , Kolack P. , Hobin M. , Haines M. , Ingalls M. TPN in pregnancy: conception to delivery. JPEN 1987;11:424-7.

Nuutinen L. , Alahuhta S. , Heikkinen J. Nutrition during ten-week life support with successful fetal outcome in a case with fatal maternal brain damage. JPEN 1989;13:432-5.

Rayburn W. , Wolk R. Personal observation. University of Michigan Cases 1980-1986.

Rivera-Alsina M. , Saldana L. , Stringer C. Fetal growth sustained by parenteral nutrition in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1984;64:138-41.

Schoenbeck J. , Segerbrand E. , Candida albicans septicaemia during first half of pregnancy, successfully treated with 5 fluorocytosine. Br Med J 1973;4:337-8.

Smith C. , Rufleth P. , Phelan J. , et al. Long-term hyperalimentation in the pregnant woman with insulin-dependent diabetes: a report of two cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:180-3.

Stellato T. , Danziger L. , Burkons D. Fetal salvage with maternal TPN: the pregnant mother as her own control. JPEN 1988;12:412-3.

Stowell J. , Bottsford J. Rubel H. Pancreatitis with pseudocyst and cholelithiasis in third trimester of pregnancy: management with total parenteral nutrition. South Med J 1984;77:502-4.

Tresadern J. , Falconar G. , Turnberg L. , et al. Maintenance of pregnancy in a home parenteral nutrition patient. JPEN 1984;8:199-202.

Voight H. , Sailer D. , Kolb S. , Frobenius W. Conception and pregnancy without complications in parenteral home nutrition, 7. Geburtsh Perinatol (abstract) 1989;193:198-2.

Webb G. The use of hyperalimentation and chemotherapy in pregnancy: a case report . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;137:263-5.

Weinberg R. , Sitrin M. , Adkins G. , et al. Treatment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis in pregnancy with total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1982;83:1300-5.

Young K. Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: two case reports. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:653-7.

Clayton S. , Newton J. A pocket obstetrics and gynecology, 11th ed. New York : Churchill Livingstone , 1988.

Dunnihoo D. Fundamentals of gynecology and obstetrics. Philadelphia : Lippincott, 1990:164-76.

Scott J , Di Saia P , Hammond C , Spellacy W , eds. Danforth's obstetrics and gynecology, 6th ed. Philadelphia : Lippincott, 1990.

Little G , Frigoletto F , eds. Guidelines for perinatal care, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , 1988.

Wren B , Lobo R , eds. Handbook of obstetrics and gynecology, 3rd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1989.

Silberman H. , Eisenberg D. Parenteral and enteral nutrition for the hospitalized patient. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1982.

Wilmore D. The metabolic management of the critically ill. New York : Plenum, 1980.

National Research Council , National Academy of Science. Recommended dietary allowances, 10th ed. 1989.

AMA Nutrition Advisory Group-Shils M (chairman). Multivitamin preparations for parenteral use. JPEN 1979;3:258-62.

AMA Nutrition Advisory Group. AMA guidelines for essential trace element preparations for parenteral use . JPEN 1979;3:263-7.

Oldham H. , Sheft B. Effect of caloric intake on nitrogen utilization during pregnancy . J Am Diet Assoc 1951;27:847.

Harris J. , Benedict F. Biometric studies of basal metabolism in man. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, Publication #279, 1919.

Heller J. Parenteral nutrition in obstetrics and gynecology. In: Greep J , ed. Current concepts in parenteral nutrition. The Hague: Nijhoft Medical Division, 1977:179-86.

Heller L. Guidelines for the dosage and application of the intravenous provision of nutrient substances in obstetrics and gynecology. In: Ahnefeld F , ed. Parenteral nutrition. Berlin: Springer, 1974 , 167-73.

Elphick M. , Filshie G. , Hull D. The passage of fat emulsion across the human placenta. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1978;85:610-8.

Luukkainen T. , Jarvinen P. , Pyrola T. Induction of labour with intravenous fat emulsion at term. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1964 ;71:45-7.

Friedman Z. , Rosenberg A. Abnormal lung surfactant related to essential fatty acid deficiency in a neonate. Pediatrics 1979;63:855-9.

McKeena M. , Campagnoni A. Effect of pre and postnatal essential fatty acid deficiency on brain development of myelination. J Nutr 1979;109:1195-204.

Trapp B. , Bernsohn J. Essential fatty acids deficiency and CNS myelin. J Neurol Sci 1978;37:247.

Machlin L , ed. Handbook of vitamins. New York: Marcel Dekker , 1984.

Shaw J. Trace elements in the fetus and young infant. I. Zinc. Am J Dis Child 1980;133:1260-8.

Shaw J. Trace elements in the fetus and young infant, II. Copper, manganese, selenium, and chromium. Am J Dis Child 1980 ;134:74-83.

Evans L. Parenteral iron in pregnancy. In: Wallerstein R , Mettiel S , eds. Iron in clinical medicine, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1958:161-71.

Fahmy K. Systemic reactions with total dose infusion of iron dextran complex in obstetric patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1978;16:170.

Mays T. , Mays T. Intravenous iron dextran therapy in the treatment of anemia occurring in surgical, gynecologic and obstetric patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976;143:381-4.

Oluboyede O. , Ogunbode O. , Ayeall O. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: a comparative trial of treatment by iron-poly complex Ferastral given intramuscularly and iron dextran by total dose infusion. E Afr Med J 1980;57:626-33.

Sood S. , Ramachandran K. , Rani K. W.H.O. sponsored collaborative study: the effect of parenteral iron administration in the control of anemia of pregnancy. Br J Nutr 1979;42:399-406.

Bailey M. Reduction of catheter-associated sepsis in parenteral nutrition using low-dose intravenous heparin. Br Med J 1979 ;1:1671-3.

Briggs G. , Freeman R. , Yaffe S. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins , 1986:204-6, 215-6, 223-4.

McEvoy G, Litvak K, eds. AHFS Drug Information 90. Washington, DC: American Society of Hospital Pharmacy, 1990 :726,1790.

Wise P. , Hall A. Heparin-induced osteopenia in pregnancy. Br Med J 1980;281:110-1.

Aarskog D. , Aksnes L. , Markestad T. , Ulstein M. , Sagen N. Heparin-induced inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D formation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148:1141-2.

Aarskog D. , Aksnes L. , Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia. Lancet 1980;2:650-1.

Rombeau J , Caldwell M , eds. Parenteral nutrition. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders, 1986 .

Grant J. Septic and metabolic complications: recognition and management. In: Handbook of parenteral nutrition. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders, 1980:125.

Wesley J. Home parenteral nutrition: indications, principles, and cost-effectiveness . Compr Ther 1983;9:29-37.