Villagers and Popular Resistance in Contemporary China

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alford, W. (1993) "Double-edged swords cut both ways: law and legitimacy in the People's Republic of China." Daedelus 122, 2: 45-69.

Bao Yonghui (1991a) "Cunmin zizhi fuhe bu fuhe Zhongguo guoqing?" (Does villagers' autonomy accord with China's conditions?. Xiangzhen luntan (Township Forum) 6: 11-13.

—( 1991b) "Shenhua nongcun dierbu gaige de qiji" (The turning point in deepening the second stage of rural reform. Xiangzhen luntan 5: 17-18.

Bao Yonghui and LI XINRUI (1991) "Dui nongcun sige zhongda wenti de zai renshi" (Reflections on four major rural issues, pp. 54-59 in Minzhengbu jiceng zhengquan jianshesi (comp.), Cunmin zuzhi banfa tansuo (An Exploration of Methods of Villagers' Autonomy. (A shortened version of this report appears in Xiangzhen luntan 7: 14-15)

Benkan Guanchayuan (1991) "Liang Kuanhai zhi cun qishi lu" ( Enlightenment from Liang Kuanhai's way of managing his village. Hebei nongcun gongzuo (Hebei Rural Work) 9: 24-25, 48.

Bernstein, Thomas P. (1994) "In quest of voice: China's farmers and prospects for political liberalization." Paper presented at a Columbia University seminar on modern China, February, New York.

Chamberlain, H. (1993) "On the search for civil society in China." Modern China 19, 2: 199-215.

Cheng Tongshun (1994) "Dangqian Zhongguo nongmin de zhengzhi canyu" (Current political participation of Chinese peasants. Unpublished master's thesis, Department of Political Science, Nankai University.

Colburn, Forrest D. [ed.] (1989) Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

10.

Duan Zhiqiang and Tang Jinsu (1989) "Gansusheng nongcun jiceng zuzhi zhuangkuang diaocha baogao" (Investigation report on the current situation of grassroots rural organizations in Gansu province. Unpublished report, Ministry of Civil Affairs.

11.

Edwards, R. (1986) "Civil and social rights: theory and practice in Chinese law today," pp. 41-76 in R. Randle Edwards , Louis Henkin , and Andrew J. Nathan , Human Rights in Contemporary China. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

12.

Fang Guomin (1993) "Dui dangqian nongcun jiti shangfang qingkuang de diaocha fenxi" (Investigation and analysis of the current situation of groups seeking audiences at higher levels. Xiangzhen luntan 12: 36-37.

13.

Friedman, E. (1990) "Deng versus the peasantry: recollectivization in the countryside." Problems of Communism 39, 5: 30-43.

14.

Gao Zuoming (1993) "Duixian xianxiang fansi" (Reflections on meeting hard targets). Unpublished manuscript by township official, Wuchang County, Hubei Province.

15.

He Li ( 1991) Beijing gaozhuangqun (Complainants to Beijing . Hong Kong: Jingbao wenhua qiye youxian gongsi.

16.

He Weiliang (1992) "Jiceng dang lingdao bixu zhongshi zuo nongcun dingzihu de zhuanhua gongzuo" (Grassroots Party leaders must attach importance to transforming rural recalcitrants into their opposites. Unpublished manuscript by rural researcher, Yryang Prefecture, Hunan Province .

17.

Hong Renzhong (1992) "Chaosheng youji shiba shu" (Eighteen guerrilla tactics to evade birth control. Xiangzhen luntan 7: 32.

18.

Huang, P. (1993) "'Public sphere'/'civil society' in China? The third realm between state and society." Modem China 19, 2: 216-40.

19.

Kelliher, Daniel (1992) Peasant Power in China. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.

20.

Kitschelt, H. (1986) "Political opportunity structures and political protest: anti-nuclear movements in four democracies." British J. of Political Science 16: 57-85.

21.

Li Buying (1990) "Zouchu kunjing" (Out of a difficult situation . Xiangzhen luntan 8: 17.

22.

Li Jingyi (1992) "Nongcun 'zhiluan' qishi lu" (Reflections on overcoming disorder in the countryside. Unpublished manuscript by county Party secretary, Hebei Province. (A shortened version of this article appears in Hebei nongcun gongzuo 8: 14-15)

23.

Li Xiwen (1989) "Shixi dangqian nongcun ganqun guanxi jinzhang wenti" (A tentative analysis of the tense cadre-mass relations in the countryside . Paper presented at the National Symposium on Basic Level Political Power Construction, Summer, Beijing .

24.

Li Xueju (1994) Zhongguo jiceng zhengquan jianshe gongzuo yanjiu (Studies on the Construction Work of Chinese Grassroots Government. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe.

25.

Liu Chujiang (1992) "Ganqun maodun yu cumin zizhi de sikao" (Reflections on cadre contradictions and villagers' autonomy, pp. 194-96 in Zhongguo jiceng zhengquan jianshe yanjiuhui (ed.), Shijian yu sikao (Practice and Reflection. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe.

26.

Liu Zhenqi (1992) "Cunmin zhijie minzhu de you yici shijian" (An experiment in villagers' direct democracy, pp. 267-74 in Zhongguo jiceng zhengquan jianshe yanjiuhui (ed.), Shijian yu sikao. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe.

27.

Lu Fang ( 1992) "Nongmin kan shehuizhuyi" (How do peasants look at socialism . Hebei nongcun gongzuo 2: 7-8.

28.

Lu Fengjun (1993) "Da eba Han Gang fufa ji" (The execution of local bully Han Gang. Unpublished manuscript by county judicial official, Shandong Province.

29.

McAdam, D. (1983) "Tactical innovation and the pace of insurgency ." Amer. Sociological Rev. 48: 735-54.

30.

McCann, Michael W. (1994) Rights at Work. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

31.

Minow, M. (1987) "Interpreting rights: an essay for Robert Cover ." Yale Law J. 96:1860-1915.

32.

Minzhengbu cunji zuzhi jianshe zhuangkuang diaochazu [Ministry of Civil Affairs, Village-Level Organization Research Group] [comp.] (1989) "Cunji zuzhi jianshe zhuangkuang diaocha xuanbian" (Selections of investigation reports on the construction of village-level organizations. Beijing: Author. (mimeo)

33.

Minzhengbu jiceng zhengquan jianshesi nongcunchu [Ministry of Civil Affairs, Rural Basic-Level Political Power Construction Bureau] [comp.] (1993) "Zhongguo nongcun cunmin weiyuanhui huanjie xuanju yanjiu baogao-Taolun gao" (Draft Research Report on Rural China's Villagers' Committee Reelections. Beijing: Author. (mimeo) (The final report was published by Zhongguo shehui chubanshe in June 1994 and includes an English translation)

34.

Nathan, Andrew J. (1985) Chinese Democracy. Berkeley : Univ. of California Press.

35.

O'Brien, K. (1994) "Implementing political reform in China's villages ." Australian J. of Chinese Affairs 32 (July): 33-59.

36.

O'Brien, K. and Lianjiang Li (1995) "The politics of lodging complaints in rural China ." China Q. 143 (Sept.): 756-83.

37.

Ocko, J. (1988) "I'll take it all the way to Beijing: capital appeals in the Qing." J. of Asian Studies 47, 2: 291-315.

38.

Ouyang Bin (1993) "Haohao qingtian qi neng rong" (The vast blue sky cannot tolerate it. Xiangzhen luntan 8: 10-13.

39.

Perry, E. (1985a) "Rural collective violence," pp. 175-92 in Elizabeth J. Perry and Christine Wong (eds.), The Political Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

40.

—( 1985b) "Rural violence in socialist China." China Q. 103 (Sept.): 414-40.

41.

Potter, P. (1994) "Riding the tiger: legitimacy and legal culture in post-Mao China." China Q. 138 (June): 325-58.

42.

Ross, L. (1989) "The changing profile of dispute resolution in rural China: the case of Zouping County." Stanford J. of Int. Law 26, 1: 15-66.

43.

Scott, James C. (1985) Weapons of the Weak. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.

44.

Scott, James C. and Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet (1986) Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance in South-east Asia. London: Frank Cass.

45.

Selden, Mark (1988) "City versus countryside? The social consequences of development choices in China." Review (F. Braudel Center) 11, 4: 533-68.

46.

Shang Guizhong (1992) "Nongcun shoufei nan wenti de tantao" (Exploration of why it is difficult to collect fees in the countryside. Unpublished manuscript by township official, Kuandian Manzu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province.

47.

"Shixin haiyao feili" [Not only breaking promises, but also using force] (1993) Hebei nongcun gongzuo 6: 41-42.

48.

Sung, Kuo-Cheng (1993) "Peasant unrest in Szechwan and mainland China's rural problems." Issues and Studies 29, 7: 129-32.

49.

Tang Jinsu and Wang Jianjun (1989) "Nanyi huibi de redian: jinnian nongcun ganqun guanxi toushi" (Hot issues that are hard to avoid: perspectives on rural cadre-mass relations in recent years. Unpublished report of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. A shortened version of this article appears in Difang zhengzhi yu xingzheng (Local Politics and Administration) 3 (1990): 15-20; 4 (1990): 13-17.

50.

Tarrow, Sidney (1994) Power in Movement. New York : Cambridge Univ. Press.

51.

Tian Yuan (1993) "Zhongguo nongcun jiceng de minzhu zhilu" (The pathway to grassroots democracy in rural China. Xiangzhen luntan 6: 3-4.

52.

Tilly, Charles (1976) "Rural collective action in modern Europe" pp. 9-40 in Joseph Spielberg and Scott Whiteford (eds.), Forging Nations: A Comparative View of Rural Ferment and Revolt. East Lansing: Michigan State Univ. Press.

53.

—( 1986) The Contentious French. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

54.

—( 1993) "Contentious repertoires in Great Britain, 1758-1834." Social Science History 17, 2: 253-80.

55.

Tsou Tang (1986) The Cultural Revolution and Post-Mao Reforms. Chicago. Univ. of Chicago Press.

56.

Wang Wanfu (1992) "Mo rang qunzhong 'xunzhao gongchandang' " (Don't make the masses "look for the Communist Party". Hebei nongcun gongzuo 9: 33.

57.

Wang Zhenyao (1991a) "Kaizhan nongmin zizhi shifan huodong de yiyi" (The significance of carrying out peasant autonomy demonstration activities , pp. 223-46 in Minzhengbu jiceng zhengquan jianshesi nongcunchu (ed.), Cunmin zizhi shifan jiangxi ban shiyong jiaocai (Teaching Materials for the Study Group on Villagers' Autonomy Demonstration. Laixi City, Shandong Province.

58.

—( 1991b) "Woguo nongcun de lishixing biange yu cunmin zizhi de biran qushi" (Our country's historical reform and the inevitable trend of villagers' autonomy, pp. 22-47 in Minzhengbu jiceng zhengquan jianshesi nongcunchu (ed.), Cunmin zizhi shifan jiangxi ban shiyong jiaocai (Teaching Materials for the Study Group on Villagers' Autonomy Demonstration. Laixi City, Shandong Province.

59.

White, Tyrene (1992) "Reforming the countryside." Current History (Sept.): 273-77.

60.

Xin Zhongnan (1993) "Yiwei maosui zijian de cunzhuren" (A self-nominated villagers' committee chairman. Xiangzhen luntan 3: 6.

61.

Yan Wenxue and Shao Qijiang (1989) "Zhengzhi cunji zuzhi huansan de shier xiang duice" (Twelve countermeasures to overcome slack village organizations. Paper presented at the National Symposium on Basic-Level Political Power Construction, Summer, Beijing.

62.

Yuan Ruiying (1991) "Daozhi jinzita xia de huhan" (Cries from the bottom of an inverted pyramid. Hebei nongcun gongzuo 8: 20.

63.

Yue Chao (1993) "Diaomin yu diaoguan" (Shrewd and unyielding people and officials. Xiangzhen luntan 8: 21.

64.

Zhang Chenggong (1993) "Cunzhang si yu chunjie" (Village heads die at spring festival. Landun (Blue Shield) 3: 23-27.

65.

Zhang Houan and Meng Guilan (1993) "Wanshan cunmin weiyuanhui de minzhu xuanju zhidu, tuijin nongcun zhengzhi wending yu fazhan" (Perfect the democratic electoral system of villagers' committees, advance rural political stability and development. Shehuizhuyi yanjiu (Studies in Socialism) 4: 38-42.

66.

Zhengding xian minzhengju [Zhengding County Division of Civil Affairs] (1991) "Shixing cunmin daibiao huiyi zhidu jiakuai nongcun jiceng minzhu jincheng" (Implement the villagers' representative council system, quicken the construction of rural grassroots democracy. Local circular, Zhengding County.

67.

Zhonggong cixian xianwei zuzhibu [Organization Department of Ci County Party Committee] (1993) "You zhuanggao zhibu shuji yinchu de sikao" (Thoughts on lodging complaints against Party secretaries. Ganbu yu rencai ( Cadres and Talents) 12: 36.

68.

Zhou Xueguang (1993) "Unorganized interests and collective action in Communist China." Amer. Sociological Rev. 58, 1: 54-73.

69.

Zhou Ziqing and Zhao Zhenji (1992) "Liangpiao zhi: nongcun dangzuzhi jianshe de youyi changshi" (The two-ballot system: A useful experiment in constructing of rural Party organization. Xiangzhen luntan 6: 6-7.

70.

Zweig, D. (1986) "Prosperity and conflict in post-Mao China." China Q. 105 (Mar.): 1-18.

71.

—( 1989a) "Peasants and politics." World Policy J. 6, 4: 633-45.

72.

— (1989b) "Struggling over land in China: peasant resistance after collectivization, 1966-1986," pp. 151-74 in Forrest Colburn (ed.), Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance . Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

73.

Zweig, D. , K. Hartford , J. Feinerman , and Deng Jianxu (1987) "Law, contracts, and economic modernization: lessons from the recent Chinese rural reforms." Stanford J. of Int. Law 23, 2: 319-64.