Anderson, Benedict (1991) Imagined Communities. New York : Verso.
2.
Archives, Ministère des relations extérieures [Ministry of Foreign Affairs] (1897) Chine, Concession Française de Shanghai, Compte-Rendu de la Gestion pour l'exercise (China, French Concession of Shanghai, Administrative Report.
3.
Belsky, R.D. (1992) "Bones of contention: the Siming Gongsuo riots of 1874 and 1898." Papers on Chinese History1, 1: 56-73.
4.
Bergère, Marie-Claire (1968) "The role of the bourgeoisie," pp. 229-295 in Mary C. Wright (ed.), China in Revolution . New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
5.
_ ( 1989) The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Chang, Hao (1971) Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Intellectual Transition in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
8.
Chaozhou lü Hu tongxianghui tekan, jiuguo hao [Special Issue of the Association of Chaozhou Sojourners in Shanghai, National Salvation Edition] ( 1932) Shanghai.
9.
Chaozhou lü Hu tongxianghui niankan [Annual of the Association of Chaozhou Sojourners in Shanghai] (1934) Shanghai.
Ding Richu (1983) "Xinhai geming qian de Shanghai zibenjia jieji" (Shanghai capitalists prior to the revolution of 1911, pp. 281-321 in Jinian xinhai geming qishi zhounian xueshu taolunhui lunwenji (Collected Papers from the Conference in Commemoration of the Seventieth Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, Vol. 1. Beijing : Zhonghua shuju.
12.
Ding Shouhe [ed.] (1982) Xinhai geming shiqi qikan jieshao (Introduction to Periodicals from the Period of the 1911 Revolution. Vol. 1. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe.
13.
Duara, Prasenjit (1995) Rescuing History from the Nation: Questing Narratives of Modem China. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
14.
Elvin, Mark (1963) "The mixed court of the international settlement at Shanghai." Papers on China17: 131-158.
15.
_ ( 1967) "The gentry democracy in Shanghai, 1905-1914." Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University.
16.
_ ( 1984) "The revolution of 1911 in Shanghai." Papers on Far Eastern History29:119-161.
17.
Fewsmith, Joseph (1985) Party, State and Local Elites in Republican China: Merchant Organizations and Politics in Shanghai, 1890-1930. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Press.
18.
Field, M. (1957) "The Chinese boycott of 1905." Papers on China11: 63-98.
19.
Fincher, John (1968) "Political provincialism and the national revolution ," pp. 185-226 in Mary C. Wright (ed.), China in Revolution. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
20.
Goodman, Bryna (1990) "The native place and the city: immigrant consciousness and organization in Shanghai, 1853-1927." Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, CA.
21.
_ ( 1992) "New culture, old habits: native-place organization and the May Fourth movement," pp. 76-101 in Frederic Wakeman , Jr. and Wen-hsin Yeh (eds.), Shanghai Sojourners. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies.
22.
_ ( 1995) Native Place, City, and Nation: Regional Networks and Identities in Shanghai, 1853-1937. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
23.
Great Britain Public Record Office. FO 223.96.328 (1874); FO 228.1293 (1898); FO 228.2512 (1905); FO 228.1634 (1906).
24.
Guang-Zhao Gongsuo yishibu [Records of the Guang-Zhao Gongsuo] ( 1908) Shanghai.
25.
Guo Yuming (1982) "Xinhai geming qijian de Shanghai qunzhong yundong" (Mass movements in the period of the 1911 revolution, pp. 935-956 in Jinian xinhai geming qishi zhounian xueshu taolunhui lunwenji (Collected Papers from the Conference in Commemoration of the Seventieth Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, Vol. 2. Beijing : Zhonghua shuju.
26.
Henan lü Hu tongxianghui gongzuo baogao [Report of the Work of the Association of Henan Sojourners in Shanghai] (1936) Shanghai .
27.
Henriot, Christian (1993) Shanghai 1927-1937: Municipal Power, Locality and Modernization. Trans. Noel Castelino. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
28.
Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1990) Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
29.
Honig, Emily (1992) Creating Chinese Ethnicity: Subei People in Shanghai, 1850-1980. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press.
30.
Huang Yanpei (1933) "Shanghai Pudong tongxianghui mujin goudi jianzhu xuanyan" (Manifesto for Shanghai Pudong tongxianghui land purchase and building construction fundraising). Pudong tongxianghui archives, Shanghai Municipal Archives.
31.
Inspectorate General of Customs (1892- 1901) Decennial Reports.
32.
Jones, Susan Mann (1974) "The Ningbo pang and financial power at Shanghai ," pp. 73-96 in Mark Elvin and G. W. Skinner (eds.), The Chinese City Between Two Worlds . Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press .
33.
Kotenev, Anatol (1925) Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh.
34.
_ ( 1927) Shanghai: Its Municipality and the Chinese. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh.
35.
Kuhn, Philip (1975) "Local self-government under the republic: problems of control, autonomy and mobilization," pp. 256-98 in Frederic Wakeman and Carolyn Grant (eds.), Conflict and Control in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
36.
Liu Huiwu (1985) Shanghai jindai shi (Modem Shanghai History. Vol.1. Shanghai: Huadong shifan daxue chubanshe.
37.
Luo Jialun [ed.] (1968) Zhonghua minguo shiliao congbianjieshao (Introduction to Historical Materials from the Chinese Republic. Vol. 1. Taibei: Zhongguo guomindang zhongyang weiyuanhui, dangshi shiliao, bianchuan weiyuanhui.
38.
Mao Zedong (1919) "Minzhong de da lianhe" (Great union of the masses , reprinted pp. 57-69 in Mao Zedong ji (Collected Works of Mao. Tokyo: Hokubosha.
39.
North China Herald.
40.
Pan Mingxin (1982) "Shanghai wanguo shangtuan ji qi zhonghua dui" (The Shanghai merchant volunteers and the Chinese Brigade. Wenshi ziliao xuanji39, 2:103-117.
41.
Perry, Elizabeth J. (1993) Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor . Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.
42.
Potter, David (1968) "The historian's use of nationalism and vice versa ," pp. 34-84 in The South and the Sectional Conflict. Baton Rouge : Univ. of Louisiana Press.
43.
Rankin, Mary Backus (1971) Early Chinese Revolutionaries: Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang, 1902-1911. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
44.
_ ( 1986) Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China: Zhejiang Province, 1865-1911. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press.
45.
Remer, Charles F. (1933) A Study of Chinese Boycotts. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
46.
Schoppa, K. (1977) "Province and nation: the Chekiang provincial autonomy movement, 1917-1927." J. of Asian Studies36, 4: 661-674.
47.
Schwintzer, Ernst (1992) "Education to save the nation: Huang Yanpei and the educational reform movement in early twentieth century China." Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Washington.
48.
Shanghai Municipal Police Files. U.S. National Archives.
49.
Shanghai bowuguan [Shanghai Museum] [ed.] ( 1980) Shanghai beike ziliao xuanji (Compilation of Materials from Shanghai Stone Inscriptions. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.
50.
Shanghai Guang-Zhao Huiguan Yuanqi [Account of the Origin of the Shanghai Guang-Zhao Huiguan] (1862-1874 ) Tongzhi period. Hand-copied document. Courtesy ofDu Li, Shanghai Museum.
51.
Shanghai Municipal Council. Yearly reports.
52.
Shanghai shehui kexueyuan lishi yanjiusuo [Institute of History, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences] [ed.] (1981) Xinhai geming zai Shanghai shiliao xuanji (Compilation of Historical Materials Concerning the 1911 Revolution in Shanghai. Shanghai.
53.
Shen Weibin and Yang Liqiang (1980) "Shanghai shangtuan yu xinhai geming" (Shanghai merchant militia and the 1911 revolution. Lishi yanjiu3: 67-68.
54.
Shenbao. Shanghai.
55.
Strand, David (1991) "An early republican perspective on the traditional bases of civil society and the public sphere in China." Paper prepared for the American-European Symposium on State vs. Society in East Asian Traditions, Paris, May 29-31.
56.
Sun Zhongshan (1927) Sanmin zhuyi (The Three People's Principles. Shanghai: n.p.
57.
Wasserstrom, Jeffrey (1991) Student Protests in Twentieth-Century China: The View from Shanghai. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.
58.
Wenshi ziliao yanjiu weiyuanhui [Research Committee on Cultural and Historical Source Materials] [ed.] (1981) Xinhai geming huiyilu (Memoirs of the 1911 Revolution. Beijing: Wenshi ziliao chubanshe.
59.
Wu Qiandui (1983) "Shanghai guangfu he Hujun dudu fu" (The 1911 revolution in Shanghai and the Shanghai military government, pp. 815-883 in Jinian xinhai geming qishi zhounian xueshu taolunhui lunwenji (Collected Papers from the Conference in Commemoration of the Seventieth Anniversary of the 1911 Revolution, Vol. 1. Beijing .
60.
Xi Dichen (1933) "Da nao gongtan'an" (The Mixed Court uproar. Shanghaishi tongzhiguan qikan1, 2: 408-440.
61.
Xiong Yuezhi (1988) "Shanghai ju-E yundong shulun" (A discussion of the Shanghai-resist-Russia movement, pp. 238-252 in Tang Zhengchang (ed.), Shanghai shi yanjiu (Research on Shanghai History. Shanghai: Xue lin chubanshe.