Northeast China and the Origins of the Anti-Japanese United Front

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Carr, E.H. (1982) The Twilight of the Comintern, 1930-1935. London: Macmillan.

Daibiaotuan [Chinese Delegation] (1933) "Zhongyang gei Manzhou geji dangbu ji quanti dangyuan de xin" (Letter of the Central Committee to all levels of the Party organisation and to all Party members in Manchuria. January 26. Shiliao 1: 41-57.

— (1935a) "Wang Ming, Kang Sheng gei dongbei fuze tongzhide mimi xin" (Secret letter of Wang Ming and Kang Sheng to responsible comrades in the Northeast. June 3. Zhonggong dangshi jiaoxue cankao ziliao 8: 151-165.

— (1935b) "Wei kangRi jiuguo gao quanti tongbao shu" (Letter to all compatriots on resisting Japan and saving the country ). August 1. Shiliao 1: 162-167.

— (1936) "Zhonggong zhongyang wei jianli quan dongbei kangRi lianjun zongsilingbu jueyi cao'an" (Draft resolution of the Central Committee on the establishment of a General Headquarters for the entire Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. February 10. Central Archives, 3 pages.

Dimitrov, G. (1935) The Working Class against Fascism. London: Martin Lawrence

Dongbei fanRi zonghui [Northeast Joint Anti-Japanese Societies] et al. (1935) "Dongbei fanRi zonghui, Dongbei fanRi lianhejun, Yang Jingyu, Wang Detai, Zhao Shangzhi, Li Yanlu, Zhou Baozhong, Xie Wendong, Tangyuan fanRi youjidui, Hailun fanRi youjidui wei Huabei shibian gao Dongbei tongbao xuanyan (Declaration of the Northeast Joint Anti-Japanese Societies, the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Yang Jingyu, Wang Detai, Zhao Shangzhi, Li Yanlu, Zhou Baozhong, Xie Wendong, the Tangyuan anti-Japanese guerrillas and the Hailun anti-Japanese guerrillas to Northeast compatriots on the North China Incident). June 30. Huiji 22: 239-244.

Dongman tewei [Emsc] (1932) "Zhonggong dongman tewei gei shengwei de baogao" (Report of the EMSC to the MPC). November 2. Huiji 29: 279-283.

Ecci (1932) " Theses on the report of Cde Kuusinen, adopted by the 12th Plenum of the ECCI ." Imprecor 12, 44 (October 6): 939-943.

10.

— (1933) "Fascism, the danger of war and the tasks of the Communist Parties" (Theses adopted by the 13th Plenum of the ECCI on the report of Cde Kuusinen. Imprecor 14, 1 (January 5): 15.

11.

Feng Zhongyun (1932) "Zhongyun xunshi Manzhou de baogao dierhao" (Second inspection report of Manchuria by Zhongyun). June 13. Huiji 10: 375-384.

12.

— (1949) "Jinian Luo Dengxian tongzhi" ( Commemorating Comrade Luo Dengxian), in Hua Yingshen, Zhongguo gongchandang lieshi zhuan (Biographies of CCP Martyrs. Hong Kong: Xin minzhu chubanshe.

13.

Gong Hui and MA Yanwen (1986) Dongbei kangRi lianjun disijun ( The Fourth Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army). Harbin, China: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe.

14.

Han Guang (1934) "Nanman kangRi youji yundong" ( The anti-Japanese guerrilla movement in South Manchuria). March 23. Shiliao 2: 491-502. The same report is in Huiji 18: 349-387.

15.

He Chengxiang (1932) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei daibiao He Chengxiang gei zhongyang de baogao" (Report of the MPC representative He Chengxiang to the Central Committee). July 20. Huiji 10: 159-229.

16.

Jiaodaolü [Education Brigade of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army] (1942a) "Kanglian diyilujun lüeshi " (Brief history of the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army). Shiliao 2: 665-679.

17.

— (1942?b) "Kanglian disanjun shilüe" (Brief history of the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army). Shiliao 2: 680-709.

18.

Jidongju [East Jilin Bureau] (1933a) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidongju fuzeren de baogao" ( Report of the person responsible for the East Jilin Bureau). August 6. Huiji 22: 31-35.

19.

— (1933b) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidongju gei guomin jiuguojun Liao-Ji bianqu liushouchu zhibu de xin" (Letter of the MPC's East Jilin Bureau to the Liaoning-Jilin Border Area Rear Garrison branch). October 9. Huiji 22: 37-54.

20.

— (1933c) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidongju guanyu Suining, Raohe gongzuo gei Manzhou shengweide baogao" (Report of the East Jilin Bureau to the MPC on work in Suining and Raohe). December. Huiji 22: 55-108.

21.

Kang, Sheng (1933) "The development of the revolutionary movement in China outside the Soviet districts and the work of the Communist Party ." Imprecor 14, 23 (December 6): 625-629.

22.

Lee, Chong-Slk (1983) Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria. Berkeley: University of California Press.

23.

Li Hongwen (1983a) "Lun gongchanguoji he wo dang zai Dongbei de kangRi tongyi zhanxian zhengce de yanbian" (On the Comintern and CCP's evolution of the anti-Japanese united front in the Northeast, pp. 42-91 in Li Hongwen (ed.), Dongbei kangRi douzheng shi luncong (Collected Essays on the Anti-Japanese Struggle in the Northeast). Changchun: Jilin sheng shehui kexueyuan.

24.

— ( 1983b) "Shishu Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei zuzhi de bei chexiao " (An attempt to relate the abolition of the MPC), pp. 92-104 in Li Hongwen (ed.), Dongbei kangRi douzheng shi luncong (Collected Essays on the Anti-Japanese Struggle in the Northeast). Changchun: Jilin sheng shehui kexueyuan. Originally published in Dangshi yanjiu ziliao, 10.

25.

— (1986) "Zai Dongbei kangRi douzheng zhong de Yang Song tongzhi" (Comrade Yang Song in the anti-Japanese struggle in the Northeast). Dongbei shida xuebao 2: 56-61.

26.

Li Yanlu (1979) Guoqu de niandai, guanyu Dongbei kanglian sijunde huiyi (Past Years, Recollections of the Fourth Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army). Harbin: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe.

27.

Li Yaogui (1960) "Li Yaogui huiyi cailiao-youguan 1925-1945 nian jian Dongbei difang dangshi ziliao" (Recollections of Li Yaogui concerning Northeast local Party history between 1925 and 1945). Heilongjiang dangshi ziliao 2: 95-100.

28.

Liu Qing (1983) "Bayan kangRi youjidui" (The Bayan anti-Japanese guerrillas. Jilin daxue shehui kexue xuebao 2: 55-59.

29.

Manzhou shengwei (Mpc) (1931) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei gei zhongyang de baogao" (MPC report to the Central Committee). April 24. Huiji 8: 1-79.

30.

— (1932) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei gei Ji Hei kangri ziweijun bingshi shu" (Letter of the MPC to the soldiers of the self-defence armies of Jilin and Heilongjiang). March 20. Huiji 10: 43-45.

31.

— (1933a) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu chuangzao renmin gemingjun, fadong he zuzhi qunzhong richang douzhengji zuzhi wenti gei Jidongju de xin" (Letter of the MPC to the East Jilin Bureau concerning the creation of people's revolutionary armies, launching and organising the masses' daily struggles and organisational matters). September 10. Huiji 15: 47-53.

32.

— (1933b) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu jieshou you guoji fangmian yi zhonggong mingyi fachude zhishixin gei zhongyang de baogao " (Report of the MPC to the Central Committee concerning a letter from the International issued in the name of the Central Committee ). April 16. Huiji 13: 47-48.

33.

— (1933c) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu jieshou zhongyang zhishi gaizheng wuyue shiqi ri jueyi zhong jige mohu renshi he cuowu wenti de jueyi" (MPC resolution on accepting the Central Committee's directive correcting some confusion and errors in the resolution of May 17 ). July 1. Huiji 14: 13-23.

34.

— (1933d) ''Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu muqian xingshi, renwu deng wenti gei Panshi zhongxin xianwei ji Nanman chise youjidui de xin" (Letter of the MPC to the Panshi Central County Committee and the South Manchurian Red Guerrillas on the present situation, tasks etc ). July 1. Huiji 14: 25-43.

35.

— (1933e) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu wuzhuang baowei Sulian deng wenti gei Suining Sun xunshiyuan ji Suining zhongxin xianwei de xin" (Letter of the MPC to inspector Sun in Suining and the Suining Central County Committee on defending the Soviet Union and other matters). January 5. Huiji 12: 37-54.

36.

— (1933f) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu zhixing fandi tongyi zhanxian yu zhengqu wuchanjieji lingdaoquan de jueyi" ( Resolution of the MPC on implementing the anti-imperialist united front and winning the leadership of the proletanat). May 15. Shiliao 1: 58-75.

37.

— (1934a) "Dongbei renmin gemingjun ji chise youjidui zhengzhi gongzuo zanxing tiaoli cao'an" (Provisional draft regulations for the political work of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Armies and Red Guerrillas). June 16. Shiliao 1: 139-149.

38.

— (1934b) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu Jidongju muqiande zhengzhi, dang de gongzuo ji zuzhi zhuangkuang de baogao" ( Report of the MPC on the current situation regarding politics, Party work and organisation in East Jilin). May 9. Huiji 18: 85-101.

39.

— (1934c) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei guanyu Nanman renmin gemingjun cunzai de cuowu ji muqian de zhandou renwu gei renmin gemingjun zhengwei, zhengzhibu ji quanti dangyuan xin" (Letter of the MPC on mistakes present in the People's Revolutionary Army of South Manchuria and current combat duties to the political commissar, political department and all Party members of the People's Revolutionary Army. May 15. Huiji 18: 103-122.

40.

— (1934d) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei wei fensui dongji da 'taofa' gei quan dang tongzhi de xin" (Letter of the MPC to all Party comrades on smashing the great winter "punitive expedition" ). October 20. Shiliao 1: 150-159. This version is abridged. The full text is in Huiji 20: 61-62.

41.

Min, Tin (1932) "The fight with the 'bandits' in Manchuria." Imprecor 12, 16 (March 7): 311.

42.

Mishan xianwei [Mishan County Committee] (1934) "Zhonggong Mishan xianwei gei Manzhou shengwei de baogao" (Report of the Mishan County Committee to the MPC). August 24. Huiji 27: 331-343.

43.

Nanman zhongxin xianwei [South Manchuria Central County Committee] (1933) "Zhonggong Nanman zhongxin xianwei jueyi" (Resolution of the South Manchuria Central County Committee). August 27. Huiji 36: 77-98.

44.

Panshi xianwei [Panshi County Committee] (1932) "Zhonggong Panshi xianwei de baogao " (Report of the Panshi County Committee of the CCP). July 2. Huiji 36: 41-44.

45.

Panshi zhongxin xianwei [Panshi Central County Committee] (1933) "Zhonggong Panshi zhongxin xianwei de baogao" (Report of the Panshi Central County Committee of the CCP. February 24. Huiji 36: 69-75.

46.

Sun Guangying (1932) "Sun X X guanyu Dongman zhengzhi jushi, dang de huodong ji youguan yaoqiu jianyide xunshi baogao" (Inspection report of Sun X X on the political situation and Party activity in East Manchuria and relevant requests and proposals). December 9. Huiji 11: 417-437.

47.

Sun Jie ( 1936) Dongbei kangri lianjun disijun (The Fourth Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. Paris: Jiuguo chubanshe.

48.

Sun Jiying , Zhou Xing , and Song Shizhang (1986) Dongbei kangRi lianjun diyijun ( The First Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army). Harbin: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe.

49.

Tuan Manzhou shengwei [MPC Youth League] (1932) Tuan Manzhou shengwei X X de baogao (Report of X X of the Youth League). July 5. Huiji 10: 293-335.

50.

Wang Hongbin , Wang Bingzhong , and WU Qi (1985) Ma Zhanshan. Harbin: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe.

51.

Wang Ming (1935) Speech to the Seventh World Congress of the Comintern , vol. 2 pp. 398-415 in Gongchanguoji youguan Zhongguo geming de ziliao (Source Materials of the Comintern Concerning the Chinese Revolution. 1982. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe.

52.

Wang Xiliang (1985) Li Du jiangjun zhuan (Biography of General Li Du). Harbin: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe.

53.

Xu Qingchang and Luo Zhanyuan (1983) "1932 nian Zhonggong beifang huiyi ji qi dui Dongbei dang de yingxiang" (The Central Committee's Northern Conference and its effect on the CCP in the Northeast). Dangshi yanjiu 3: 42-52.

54.

Xunshiyuan [MPC Inspector] ( 1934) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei xunshiyuan Wen guanyu Jidong dang tuan gongzuo qingkuang de baogao" ( Report of MPC inspector Wen on the work of the Party and Youth League in East Jilin). May 6. Huiji 18: 389-419.

55.

Yang BO ( 1933) "Zhonggong Dongman dang tuan tewei gongzuo baogao" (Work report of the East Manchuria Party and Youth League Special Committees). Oct. 25. Huiji 30: 1-48.

56.

Yang Jingyu (1933) "Yang Jingyu tongzhi gei Manzhou shengweide baogao " (Report of Comrade Yang Jingyu to the MPC). May 31. Shiliao 1: 76-84. The same document appears as "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei tepaiyuan guanyu Panshi youjidui he dang tuan gongzuo qingkuang baogao" (Report of special emissary Zhang of the MPC on the situation of the Panshi guerrillas and Party and Youth League work). Huiji 13: 345-359. Yang used the pseudonym "Zhang Guanyi."

57.

Yang Song (1933) "Manzhou shibian yu Manzhou de Zhongguo gongchandang" (The Manchurian incident and the CCP in Manchuria. October. Huiji 17: 253-283.

58.

- ( 1934a) "Wu Ping gei Chen Yade xin" (Letter of Wu Ping [Yang Song] to Chen Ya). December 8. Huiji 20: 351-360.

59.

— (1934b) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidong xunshiyuan X X de baogao" (Report of MPC inspector XX for East Jilin ). October 20. Huiji 22: 255-271.

60.

— (1934c) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidongju zhi Raohe zhongxin xianwei de xin" (Letter of the East Jilin Bureau to the Raohe Central County Committee). October 10. Huiji 22: 165-175.

61.

— (1935a) "Zhonggong Jidong tewei zhi shengwei de baogao " (Report of the East Jilin Special Committee to the MPC ). May 11. Huiji 35: 47-75; Central Archives: 1-20.

62.

— (1935b) "Zhonggong Manzhou shengwei Jidong xunshiyuan (Wu) zhi Dongman tewei de xin" (Letter of the MPC inspector [Wu] for East Jilin to the EMSC). February 10. Huiji 21: 41-63.

63.

Zhang Ruheng (1932) "Zhang Ruheng guanyu Panshi yiyongjun huodong qingxing de baogao" (Report of the Zhang Ruheng on the activity of the Panshi Volunteer Army. November 29. Huiji 36: 443-462.

64.

Zhongyang weiyuanhui [Central Committee] (1932a) "Geming weiji de zengchang yu beifang dang de renwu" (The heightening of the revolutionary crisis and the tasks of the Northern Party). June 24. Zhonggong zhongyang wenjian xuanji 8: 274-289.

65.

— (1932b) "Kaizhan youji yundong yu chuangzao beifang suqu de jueyi" (Resolution on the development of a guerrilla movement and the creation of northern soviet districts). June 26. Zhonggong zhongyang wenjian xuanji 8: 312-322.

66.

— (1934a) "Quanguo suwei'ai dierci daibiao dahui zhi Dongbei renmin gemingjun ji kangRi yiyongjun zhanshi dian" (Telegram of the Second Delegate Congress of the Chinese Soviets to the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army and the soldiers of the anti-Japanese volunteer armies. January 22. Xuanbian 1: 210-211.

67.

— (1934b) "Zhonggong wu zhong quanhui zhengzhi jueyi'an " (Draft political resolution of the Fifth Plenum of the Central Committee of the CCP). January 18. Xuanbian 1:184-209.

68.

— (1934c) "Zhongyang gei Manzhou shengwei zhishixin" (Directive of the Central Committee to the MPC). February 22. Shiliao 1: 120-133; Xuanbian 1: 218-234; Douzheng (Jiangxi edition) 60 (May 19): 9-16.

69.

Zhou Enlai [alias WU HAO] (1931) "Riben diguozhuyi zhanling Manzhou yu wo dang de dangqian renwu" (The occupation of Manchuria by Japanese imperialism and our Party's current tasks. Hongqi zhoubao 20, 21 (October): 5-14.

70.

Zhu Tang zhongxin xianwei [Zhuhe and Tangyuan Central County Committees] (1936) "Zhu, Tang zhongxin xianwei, san, liujun lianxi huiyi dui 'muqian zhengzhi xingshi de fenxi yu wo dang xin celüe renwude jueyi' cao'an" (The Zhuhe and Tangyuan Central County Committees and the Third and Sixth Armies' "draft analysis of the present political situation and resolution on tasks for the new tactics of the Party"). September 18. Central Archives, 16 pages.

71.

Zhu Xinyang (1987) "Chuangjian Zhuhe kangRi genjudi" ( Establishing the Zhuhe Anti-Japanese base area). Shiliao 2: 531-537.

72.

Zhuhe xianwei [Zhuhe County Committee] (1934) "Zhonggong Manzhou Zhuhe xianwei baogao" (Report of the Zhuhe County Committee of the CCP). August 26. Zhonggong dangshi jiaoxue cankao ziliao 8: 118-142.