A New Way of Writing

Anonymous (1962) "Lun xiaoshuo zhi jiaoyu" (On the educative value of fiction, 1: 262-264in Guo Shaoyu and Luo Genzi (eds.) Zhongguo jindai wenlun xuan (Selected Modern Chinese Essays on Literature).Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe.

Bernal, M. (1976) "Liu Shih-p'ei and national essence," pp. 90-112 in C. Furth (ed.) The Limits of Change: Essays on Conservative Alternatives in Republican China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Bonner, Joey (1986) Wang Kuo-wei: An Intellectual Biography Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Cai Jingkang (1979) "Wan Qing xiaoshuo lilun chulun" (Preliminary remarks on late Qing theory of fiction). Gudai wenxue lilun yanjiu 1: 403-421. Shanghai: Guji chubanshe .

Chang, Hao (1987) Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis: Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911 Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Chen Bingkun (1930) Zuijin sanshi nian Zhongguo wenxue shi (A History of the Last Thirty Years of Chinese Literature Shanghai: Taiping yang shudian .

de Man, Paul (1971) "Georg Lukác's Theory of the Novel," pp. 51-59 in Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Dolezelova-Velingerova, M. (1980) "Introduction,"pp. 3-17 in M. Dolezelova-Velingerova (ed.) The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press.

Furth, C. (1976) "The sage as rebel: the inner world of Chang Pinglin," pp. 113-150 in C. Furth (ed.) The Limits of Change: Essays on Conservative Alternatives in Republican China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Galik, M. (1975) "Studies in modern Chinese intellectual history: 1. the world and China: cultural impact and response in the 20th century." Asian and African Studies (Bratislava )11: 11-56.

GUO SHAOYU and WANG WENSHENG [eds.] (1980) Zhongguo lidai wenlun xuan (Selected Chinese Essays on Literature Through the Ages ).4 vols. Shanghai: Guji chubanshe.

Hsia, C.T. (1978) "Yen Fu and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao as advocates of new fiction," pp. 221-257in Adele Rickett (ed.) Chinese Approaches to Literature from Confucius to Liang Ch'i-ch'ao. Princeton : Princeton Univ. Press.

Hsiao, Kung-Chuan (1975) A Modern China and a New World: K'ang Yu-wei, Reformer and Utopian, 1858-1927 Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press.

Hu Shi (1953) "Wushi nian lai Zhongguo zhi wenxue" (Chinese literature in the last fifty years, pp. 180-261 in Hu Shi wencun (Collected Essays of Hu Shi). Vol. 1 of 2nd Collection. Taibei: Yuandong tushu gongsi.

Huang Ren (1980) "Xiaoshuo lin fakan ci" (Announcement on the initial publication of Grove of Words), 4 246-248 in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (eds.) Zhongguo lidai wenlun xuan ( Selected Chinese Essays on Literature Through the Ages ).4 vols. Shanghai: Guji chubanshe .

Huters, T. (1984) "The difficult guest: May fourth revisits." Chinese Literature: Essays Articles and Reviews 6: 125-149.

Huters, T. (1987) "From writing to literature: the development of late Qing theories of prose." Harvard J. of Asiatic Studies 47, 1: 51-96.

Lee, Leo Ou-Fan and A. Nathan (1985) "The beginnings of mass culture: journalism and fiction in the late Ch'ing period and beyond," pp. 360-395 in David Johnson , A. J. Nathan , and E. S. Rawski (eds.) Popular Culture in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Li Xiang (1908) "Lun Tongcheng pai" (On the Tongcheng school Guocui xuebao (wen pian) 49: 1-4.

Liang Qichao [Liang Ch'i-ch'ao] (1959) Intellectual Trends in the Ch'ing Period (Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, trans Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Liang Qichao (1960) "Xiaoshuo yu qunzhi zhi guanxi" (The relationship between the novel and popular sovereignty, 4.6-9 in Yin bing shi wenji (Collected Writings from the Ice-Drinker's Studio). Taibei: Zhonghua shuju.

Liang Qichao (1963) Qing dai xueshu gailun (Intellectual Trends in the Qing Period Taibei: Zhonghua shuju.

Lin Shu ( 1980a) "Sakesun jiehou yingxiong lüe xu" (Preface to Ivanhoe 4.162-163 in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Lin Shu ( 1980b) "Kuai rou yusheng shu xu" (Preface to David Copperfield , 4. 164-165in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Lin Shu ( 1980c) "Zei shi xu" (Preface to Oliver Twist, 4.165-166in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng(1980).

Liu Shipei (1934-1936a) "Lun wen zaji" (Miscellaneous notes on literature). Liu Shenshu xiansheng (Writings of Liu Shipei, Nan Peilan and Zheng Yufu (eds.). Vol. 20.

Liu Shipei (1934-1936b)"Lun jinshi wenxue zhi bianqian"( On the changes in recent Chinese literature Zuoan waiji ([Liu Shipei's] Second Collection). Juan 13 in Liu Shenshu xiansheng yishu (Writings of Liu Shipei), Nan Peilan and Zheng Yufu (eds.). Vol. 53.

Lu Xun ( 1981) "Moluo shili shuo" (On the power of Mara poetry , 1.63-115in Lu Xun quanji (Complete Works of Lu Xun). Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe.

Lukacs, Georg (1971) The Theory of the Novel (Anna Bostock, trans, Cambridge: MIT Press.

Metzger, Thomas (1977) Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China's Evolving Political Culture New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

Prusek, Jaroslav (1980) The Lyrical and the Epic: Studies of Modern Chinese Literature, Leo Lee (ed.). Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.

Pusey, James R (1983) China and Charles Darwin Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Council on East Asian Studies.

Qian Jibo (1965) Xiandai Zhongguo wenxue shi (Literary History of Modern China Hong Kong: Longmen shudian.

Rawski, E.S. (1985) "Problems and prospects," pp. 399-417in David Johnson, A. J. Nathan, and E. S. Rawski (eds.) Popular Culture in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Schneider, L.A. (1976) "National essence and the new intelligentsia," pp. 57-89in C. Furth (ed.) The Limits of Change: Essays on Conservative Alternatives in Republican China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Tan Sitong (1954) "Sanshi ziji" (Memoirs at thirty pp. 204-207 in Tan Sitong quanji (Complete Works of Tan Sitong), Beijing: Sanlian shudian.

Tao Zengyou (1962a) "Zhongguo zhi wenxue gaiguan" (A general view of Chinese literature 1.241-245in Guo Shaoyu and Luo Genzi (eds.) Zhongguo jindai wenlun xuan (Selected Modern Chinese Essays on Literature ).Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe .

Tao Zengyou (1962b) "Lun xiaoshuo zhi shili ji qi guanxi" (On the power and influence of fiction, 1.251-253in Guo Shaoyu and Luo Genzi (eds.) Zhongguo jindai wenlun xuan (Selected Modern Chinese Essays on Literature ).Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe.

Wang Guowei (1980) "Wenxue xiaoyan" (Remarks on literature in 4.378-382in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Williams, Raymond (1966) Culture and Society, 1780-1950 New York: Harper & Row.

Williams, Raymond (1976) Keywords New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Wu Rulun (1980a) "Tianyan lun xu "(Preface to Evolution and Ethics 4. 144-145in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Wu Rulun (1980b) "Da Yanjidao" (Reply to Yan Fu , 4.150-151 in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Wu Wenqi (1969) Jin bai nian lai de Zhongguo wenxue sichao (Currents of Chinese Literary Thought Over the Past Hundred Years Hong Kong: Longmen shudian.

Xianzhai Laoren (1980) "Rulin waishi xu" (Preface to the Scholars 3.452-453in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Yan Fu ( 1980) "Yi Tianyan lun liyan" (Introduction to the translation of Evolution and Ethics, 4.123-124in Guo Shaoyu and Wang Wensheng (1980).

Zheng Zhenduo (1970) "Lin Qinnan xiansheng" (Mr. Lin [Shu] 3.1214-1229in Zhongguo wenxue yanjiu ( Studies of Chinese Literature). 3 vols. Hong Kong: Guwen shuju.