Adshead, S.A.M. (1974) "An energy crisis in early modern China." Ch'ing-shih Wen-t'i3, 2: 20-28.
2.
Arnold, Julean H. (1926) China: A Commercial and Industrial Handbook. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office .
3.
Bacon, C.A. (1930) "Coal supplies of Shanghai, actual and potential ." Chinese Econ. J.6, 2: 195-218.
4.
Baran, Paul A. (1973) The Political Economy of Growth. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.
5.
Brown, S.R. and T. Wright (forthcoming) "Technology, economics and politics in the modernization of China's coal mining industry: the first phase, 1850-1895." Explorations in Econ. History.
6.
Buck, David D. (1978) Urban Change in China. Madison : Univ. of Wisconsin Press.
7.
Buck, John Lossing (1930) The Chinese Farm Economy. Nanjing : Univ. of Nanking.
8.
Bureau of Mines, Ministry of Industry (1938 ) "Organization of production, processing and distribution of coal and coal products and liquid and gaseous fuels in China," pp. 337-360 in Transactions of the Third World Power Conference, Vol. 3. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
9.
Carlson, Ellsworth C. (1971) The Kaiping Mines (1877-1912. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
10.
Chang, John Key (1969) Industrial Development in Pre-Communist China. Chicago : AVC.
11.
Chinese Economic Bulletin. Beijing and Shanghai.
12.
Ding Zhenhuang (1933) "Yinianlai Qingdao ge ye zhi gaikuang" (The various trades in Qingdao over the past year). Shiye tongji 1, 2: 1-4 (separate pagination).
13.
Directorate of Statistics, National Government of China (1940) Zhonghua Minguo tongji tiyao ( Statistical Abstract of the Republic of China). Chongqing : Author.
14.
Donnithorne, Audrey (1977) "Comment," pp. 339-340 in Conference on Modern Chinese Economic History. Taibei: The Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica.
15.
Eastman, Lloyd E. (1974) The Abortive Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
16.
Feuerwerker, Albert (1977) Economic Trends in the Republic of China, 1912-1949 . Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan.
17.
Fogel, Robert W. and Stanley L. Engerman [eds.] (1971) The Remterpretation of American Economic History. New York: Harper & Row.
18.
Gamble, Sidney D. (1954) Ting Hsien: A North China Rural Community. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations .
19.
——— (1933) How Chinese Families Live in Peiping. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
20.
Gong Jun (1933) Zhongguo xin gongye fazhan shi dagang ( Summary of New Industrial Development in China). Shanghai : Shangwu yinshu guan.
21.
Griffin, Alan R. (1977) The British Coalmining Industry: Retrospect and Prospect. Buxton, England: Moorland .
22.
Gu Lang ( 1916) Zhongguo shi da kuangchang diaocha ji ( An Investigation of the Ten Largest Mines in China). Shanghai: Shangwu yinshu guan.
23.
Guoji maoyi daobao (The Foreign Trade Journal). Shanghai.
24.
Hatano Ken'Ichi (1925) Gendai Shina no kiroku (Records of Contemporary China), August 1925. Beijing : Enjinsha.
25.
Ho Ping-Ti (1959) Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
26.
Hori Ryozo (1935) "Yo tobetsu juyo yori kantaru Manshu sekitan no kako, genzai oyobi sho rai" (The past, present and future of coal in Manchuria from the point of view of the various sectors of demand ). Mantetsu cho sa geppo 15 (May-November).
27.
Hou Defeng (1932) Disici Zhongguo kuangye jiyao (General Statement on the Chinese Mining Industry, no. 4). Beijing: Dizhi diaocha suo.
28.
——— (1929) Disanci Zhongguo kuangye jiyao (General Statement on the Chinese Mining Industry, No. 3. Beijing: Dizhi diaocha suo.
29.
Howe, Christopher (1978) China's Economy: A Basic Guide. London: Paul Elek.
30.
Hsia, Ronald (1971) Steel in China: Its Output Behavior, Productivity and Growth Pattern. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
31.
Hu Jixian (1931) Kuangye tekan (Special Issue on Mining. Guangzhou: Guangdong sheng jianshe ting .
32.
Huang Yanpei and Pang Song (1966) Zhongguo sishinian haiguan shangwu tongji tubiao (1876-1915 (Statistics and Charts on China's Maritime Customs and Commerce Over the Past Forty Years , 1876-1915). Xianggang: Longmen shudian.
33.
Ikonnikov, Alexander (1977) The Coal Industry of China. Canberra: Department of Economics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.
34.
Imperial Maritime Customs (1932) Decennial Reports on the Trade, Navigation, Industry, etc. of the Ports Open to Foreign Commerce in China, and on the Conditions and Development of the Treaty Port Provinces, 1922-1931. Shanghai: IMC Press.
35.
--- ( 1906) Returns of Trade and Trade Reports for the Year 1905. Shanghai: IMC Press.
36.
——— (1885) Returns of Trade at the Treaty Ports and Trade Reports for the Year 1884. Shanghai: IMC Press.
37.
International Labour Office (1938) The World Coalmining Industry. Geneva: Author.
38.
Irish University Press (1971) Irish University Press Reprints of British Parliamentary Papers. Area Studies: China. Shannon: Irish Univ. Press .
39.
Jevons, H. Stanley (1915) The British Coal Trade. London : Kegan Paul.
40.
Jianshe weiyuanhui gongbao (Gazette of the National Reconstruction Commission). Nanjing.
41.
Jiao-Ji tielu guanliju [Qingdao-Jinan Railway Business Office] (1934) Jiao-Ji tielu jingji diaocha huibian (Report of an Investigation of Economic Conditions [along the] Qingdao-Jinan Railway). Qingdao: Jiao-Ji tielu guanliju.
42.
Kingsmill, T.W. (1898) "Inland communications in China." J. of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society n.s.28: 1-213.
43.
Kozan konwakai [Mining Association] (1932) Nihon ko gyo hattatsushi (The Development of Mining in Japan). Tokyo: Ko zan konwakai.
44.
Kuangye lianhehui jikan (Mining Association Quarterly). Beijing.
45.
Kuangye zhoubao (Mining Weekly). Nanjing.
46.
Kurgan-van Hentenryk, G. (1965) Jean Jadot: Artisan de l'Expansion Beige en Chine . Brussels: Koninklijke Academie voor Overzeese Wetenschappen, Klasse voor Marele en Politieke Wetenschappen .
47.
Lippit, V. (1978) "The development of underdevelopment in China." Modern China4, 3: 251-328.
48.
Liu Ao ( 1958) Xun-Tai tuisi lu (Recollections of Office in Taiwan . Taibei: Taiwan yinhang.
49.
Liu Ta-Chung and Yeh K'ung-Chia (1965) The Economy of the Chinese Main-land : National Income and Economic Development, 1933-1953. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
50.
London and China Express. London.
51.
Luo Zhiru (1932) Tongjibiao zhong zhi Shanghai (Shanghai in Statistics . Nanjing: Academia sinica.
52.
Mah Feng-Hwa (1977) "External influence and Chinese economic development ," pp. 311-336 in Conference on Modern Chinese Economic History.
53.
Manshikai [Society of Manchurian History] ( 1964-1965) Manshu kaihatsu yonju nen shi (Forty Years of Manchurian Development. Tokyo: Manshu kaihatsu yonju nen shi kanko kai.
54.
Meng T'ien-P'ei and Sidney D. Gamble (1926) "Prices, wages and the standard of living in Peking, 1900-1924." Supplement to the Chinese Social and Pol. Sci. Rev. (July).
55.
Ministry of Industry (1933) Zhongguo shiye zhi, Jiangsu sheng (Chinese Industrial Gazetteer, Jiangsu Province). Shanghai: Shiye bu, guoji maoyi ju.
56.
Mitchell, Brian R. (1975) European Historical Statistics, 1750-1970. London: Macmillan.
57.
Myers, Ramon H. (1970) The Chinese Peasant Economy: Agricultural Development in Hopei and Shantung, 1890-1949. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
58.
Nankai University, Institute of Economics ( 1958) 1913 nian-1952 nian Nankai zhishu ziliao huibian (Nankai Index Numbers for 1913-1952). Beijing : Tongji chubanshe.
59.
Nankai Weekly Statistical Service. Tianjin.
60.
Nef, John U. (1935) The Rise of the British Coal Industry. 2 vols. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
61.
Nichi-Man sho ji kabushiki kaisha [Japanese-Manchuria Commercial Company] (1937) Hoku-Shi sekitankai no genkyo (Coalmining in Present-Day North China). Xinjing: Nichi-Man sho ji kabushiki kaisha.
62.
North China Herald. Shanghai.
63.
Ohkawa Kazushi et al. [eds.] (1972) Estimates of Long-term Economic Statistics of Japan since 1868. Vol. 10; Mining and Manufacturing. Tokyo: To yo keizai shimpo sha.
64.
——— (1967) Estimates of Long-term Economic Statistics of Japan Since 1868. Vol. 8: Prices. Tokyo: To yo keizai shimpo sha.
65.
Perkins, Dwight H. (1969) Agricultural Development in China (1368-1968). Chicago : AVC.
66.
Ping-Han tielu guanli weiyuanhui [Management Committee of the Beijing-Hankou Railway] (1932) Ping-Han tielu nianjian (Yearbook of the Beijing-Hankou Railway). Hankou.
67.
Quan Hansheng (1972) Hanyeping gongsi shilue (A Brief History of the Hanyeping Company. Xianggang: Xianggang zhongwen daxue.
68.
Rawski, Thomas G. (1975) "The growth of producer industries, 1900-1971," pp. 203-234 in Dwight H. Perkins (ed.) China's Modern Economy in Historical Perspective. Stanford, CA : Stanford Univ. Press.
69.
Read, T.T. (1939-1940) "The earliest industrial use of coal." Transactions of the Newcomen Society20: 119-133.
70.
von Richthofen, Ferdinand (1882) China: Ergebnisse eigener Reisen und darauf Gegundeter Studien. Vol. 2. Berlin: Verlag von Dietrich Reimer.
71.
--- ( 1872) Baron Richthofen's Letters, 1870-1872. Shanghai: North China Herald Office.
72.
Riskin, Carl (1975) "Surplus and stagnation in modern China," pp. 49-84 in Dwight H. Perkins (ed.) China's Modern Economy in Historical Perspective.
73.
Saito Ryo E. (1938) Tai-Shi keizai seisaku no aru kihon mondai (Certain Basic Problems in Economic Policy Towards China). Tokyo.
74.
Schurr, Sam H. and Bruce C. Netschert (1960) Energy in the American Economy, 1850-1975. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
75.
Sheba Togo [ed.] (1937) Japan-Manchoukuo Year Book, 1938. Tokyo: Japan-Manchoukuo Year Book Company.
76.
Shi Minxiong (1968) Qingdai sizhi gongye de fazhan ( The Development of the Silk Industry During the Qing Dynasty). Taibei: Shangwu yinshu guan.
77.
(Shina ko gyo jiho (Chinese Mining Journal). Dalian.
78.
SMR [South Manchurian Railway Company] (1938 ) Minami Manshu tetsudo kabushiki kaisha daisanji ju nen shi (History of the Third Ten Years of the SMR. Dalian: Author.
79.
--- ( 1928) Minami Manshu tetsudo kabushiki kaisha dainiji ju nen shi (History of the Second Ten Years of the SMR. Dalian: Author.
80.
——— (1919) Minami Manshu tetsudo kabushiki kaisha ju nen shi(History of the First Ten Years of the SMR. Dalian: Author.
81.
SMR Cho sabu, [Research Department] (1937a) Ekiken tanden cho sa shiryo ( Research Data on the Yixian Coalfield). Dalian: Author.
82.
--- ( 1937b) Shisen hakusan sho kyu tanden cho sa shiryo (Research Data on the Coal-fields of Zichuan, Boshan and Zhangqiu ). Dalian: Author.
83.
SMR, Ko gyo bu ko muka [Industry Department, Mining Section] (1914) Santo -sho ko ygo shiryo (Research Data on Mining in Shandong). Dalian: Author.
84.
SMR, Sangyo bu [Industry Department] (1938) Kita Shina keizai so kan (An Economic Overview of North China. Tokyo: Nihon hyoronsha .
85.
Sturmey, S.G. (1967) British Shipping and World Competition. London: Athlone.
86.
Sumiya Mikio (1968) Nihon sekitan sangyo no bunseki (An Analysis of the Japanese Coal Industry. Tokyo: Iwanamishoten.
87.
Tezuka Masao (1940) Jihen zen ni okeru Shina sekitan no seisan to ryu do ( Prewar Coal Production and Marketing in China). Tokyo : To a kenkyu jo.
88.
To a do bunkai [East Asia Common Culture Society] (1919) Shina sho betsu zenshi. Vol. 15: Ko so sho (Gazetteer of China. Vol. 15: Jiangsu province). Tokyo: Author.
Torgashev, B.P. (1930) "Mining labor in China." Chinese Econ. J.6, 4-6.
91.
——— (1928) "Coal reserves of north Manchuria, production and consumption." Chinese Econ. J.2, 5: 373-393.
92.
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (1976) China: The Coal Industry . Washington, DC: Author.
93.
Wang Jingyu (1957) Zhongguo jindai gongyeshi ziliao, dierji, 1895-1914 nian (Source Materials on the History of Modern Industry in China, Second Collection, 1895-1914. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.
Williamson, A. (1867) "Notes on the productions, chiefly mineral, of Shantung." J. of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society n.s.4: 64-73.
96.
Wright, Tim (forthcoming) "'A method of evading management': contract labor in Chinese coal mines before 1937." Comparative Studies in Society and History.
97.
——— (1980) "Sino-Japanese business in China: the Luda Company, 1921-1937." J. of Asian Studies39, 4: 711-727.
98.
——— (1976) "Shandong mines in the modern Chinese coal industry up to 1937." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge .
99.
——— (n.d.) "A new series for electric power production in pre-1937 China ." (unpublished)
100.
Wu Bannong (1932) "Rimei qingxiao zhong zhi guomei wenti" (The coal problem in China: Japanese dumping and the situation in foreign owned and Chinese owned collieries'. Shehui kexue zazhi3, 4: 479-532.
101.
Wu, Yuan-Li (1963) Economic Development and the Use of Energy Resources in Communist China. New York: Praeger .
102.
Xu Gengsheng (1947) "Zhongwai heban meitie kuangye shihua" (History of jointly managed Sino-foreign coal and iron mines). Shanghai: Shangwu yinshu guan.
103.
Yan Zhongping (1955) Zhongguo jindaijingjishi tongji ziliao xuanji (A Collection of Statistical Materials on the Modern Economic History of China). Beijing. Kexue chubanshe .
104.
Yang Dajin (1933) Jindai Zhongguo shiye tongzhi (Modern Industries of China. Nanjing: Zhongshan shuju .