Chang, Chung-Li (1955) The Chinese Gentry. Seattle : Univ. of Washington Press.
2.
Ch'ü T'ung-Tsu (1962) Local Government in China under the Ch'ing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
3.
Chuan Zengyu (1944) "Qing dai muliao zhidu lun (xu)" ("On the Qing private secretary system (part two)". Sixiang yu shidai32 (March): 35-43. Cunyi.
4.
Da Qing jinshen chuanshu [Complete Register of Qing Officials] ( 1892). (Autumn). Beijing.
5.
Ge Shijun [ed.] (1888) Huangchaojingshiwen xubian (Supplementary Essays on State-craft in the Reigning Dynasty. Shanghai.
6.
Guangxu chao donghualu [Eastern Flowery Gate Record of the Guangxu Reign] (1958). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
7.
Ho, Ping-Ti (1962) The Ladder of Success in Imperial China. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
8.
Liang Zhangju (1918) Liang shi biji (Mr. Liang's Jottings. Shanghai.
9.
Miao Chuanji (1971) Qing dai mufu renshi zhidu (The Private Secretary Personnel System During the Qing. Taibei: Zhongguo renshi xingzheng yuekanshe.
10.
——— (1968) "Qing dai xingmu shuyao" ("Essentials concerning judicial muyou during the Qing", pp. 317-371 in Xie Guansheng and Cha Liangjian (eds.) Zhongguo fazhe shilun ji (Collected Essays on the History of the Chinese Legal System. Taibei: Zhonghua dadian bianyinhui.
11.
Miyazaki Ichisada (1958) "Shindai no shori to bakuyu" ("Qing clerks and muyou". Toyoshi kenkyu16, 4 (March): 1-28. Kyoto.
12.
Wang Jiemou (1970) "Qing dai de Shaoxing shiye" ("Shaoxing shiye during the Qing". Zhejiang yuekan2, 2 (January): 18-19. Taibei .
13.
Wang Yeqiu (1942) Minyuan qian de Lu Xun xiansheng (Lu Xun Prior to the Founding of the Republic. Shanghai. Contains preface by Lu Xun titled "Zizhuan" (Autobiography).
14.
Xu Daling (1950) Qing dai zhuanna zhidu (The System of Selling Governmental Appointments During the Qing. Beijing: Hafo yanjing xueshe.
15.
Xu Ke [ed.] (1917) Qing bai leichao (Qing Anecdotes by Category. Shanghai.
16.
Zhou Xiashou (1953) Lu Xun de gujia (Lu Xun's Home. Shanghai: Shanghai chuban gongsi.