Buck, J. (1937) Land Utilization in China, Vol. 1. Shanghai: University of Nanking .
2.
Bei-Ning Tielu Guanli Ju [Peking-Mukden Railway, Business Office] (1937) Bei-Ning Tielu yanxian jingji diaocha baogao (Report of investigation of economic conditions along the Peking-Mukden Railway). Peking.
3.
Cameron, R. (1961) France and the Economic Development of Europe, 1800-1914. Princeton: Princeton Univ Press.
4.
Chou, S.H. (1971) "Railway development and economic growth in Manchuria " China Q.45 (Jan /March): 57-84.
5.
Feuerwerker, A. (1964) "China's nineteenth century industrialization: the case of the Hanyehping Coal and Iron Company Limited," pp. 79-110 in C. Cowan (ed.) The Economic Development of China and Japan . New York: George Allen & Unwin .
6.
Fishlow, A. (1965) American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
7.
FO: Great Britain, Foreign Office, Original Manuscripts of Foreign Office Documents in archives of British Public Records Office. London. Cited as FO with additional notations referring to series and volume.
8.
Gaimushō [Japanese Foreign Office] ( 1907) Minami Manshu ni okeru shōgyō (The commerce of southern Manchuria). Tokyo.
9.
Hall, R. (1930) "The geography of Manchuria." Annals of the Amer Academy of Pol. and Social Sci.152 (November): 278-292.
10.
Hou, C.M. (1965) Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1840-1937. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
11.
IMC: Imperial Maritime Customs (1932) Decennial Reports, 1922-1931. Shanghai: Inspector General of Customs.
12.
--- ( 1922) Decennial Reports, 1912-1922. Shanghai : Inspector General of Customs.
13.
---- ( 1912) Decennial Reports. 1902-1911. Shanghai : Inspector General of Customs.
14.
--- ( 1908) Returns of trade at the Treaty Ports of China, for year 1907
15.
--- ( 1907) Returns of Trade at the Treaty Ports of China, for year 1906.
16.
--- ( 1903) Returns of Trade at the Treaty Ports of China, for year 1902. Shanghai: Inspector General of Customs.
Kinder, C. (1891) "Railways and colieries of North China " Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers103: 278-304.
19.
MacMurray, J. (1921) Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China, 1894-1919. New York: Oxford Press .
20.
Mantetsu chōsabu [South Manchurian Railway Company, Research Department] (1940) Hokushi menka sōron (A comprehensive survey of cotton in North China). Tokyo .
21.
--- ( 1918) Manshu Daizu (The soya bean trade in Manchuria). Dairen.
Minami Manshu tetsudō kaikushiki [South Manchurian Railway Company] (1917) Miniami Manshu Tetsudō Kaikushi JU-ken shi (History of the South Manchurian Railway Company, Ltd. The first ten years). Dairen.
24.
Ministry of Communications (1930) Jiaotong Shi: Luzheng bian (History of Communications: section on railways and motor roads). Chapter 1, Zonggang (general introduction) and chapter 2, part 1, Jing-Feng Tielu (Peking-Mukden Railway). Nanking .
25.
--- ( 1924) Statistics of Government Railways, for 1923Peking.
26.
--- ( 1917-1933) Statistics of Government Railways, annually for 1916-1932. Peking.
27.
--- ( 1917) Statistics of Government Railways for the Year Ending December 31, 1916. Peking.
28.
Myers, R. (1970) The Chinese Peasant Economy. Agricultural Development in Hopei and Shantung, 1890-1949. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
29.
Rigby, E. and W. Leitch (1905) "Railway construction in North China." Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers160: 276-310.
30.
Rosovsky, H. (1966) "Japan's transition to modern economic growth, 1868-1885," pp. 91-131 in Industrialization in Two Systems: Essays in Honor of Alexander Gerschenkron. New York.
31.
Singer, H.W. (1956) "Economic progress in underdeveloped countries ," in W. Grampp and E. Weiler (eds.) Economic Policy, Readings in Political Economy. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey .
32.
Skinner, W. (1965) "Marketing and social structure in rural China ." J. of Asian Studies24, 2 (Feb.): 195-228.
33.
Stringer, H. (1922) The Chinese Railway System. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh.
34.
Sun Yat-Sen (1961) Guofu quanji (The complete works of Sun Yat-sen) . Taipei.
35.
Tōa Dōbunkai [East Asian Common Culture Society] (1908) Shina Keizai Zensho (China economic series), Vol. 5. Tokyo: Tōa Dōbunkai.
36.
--- ( 1920) Shina shobetsu zenshi (Comprehensive gazetteer of the various provinces of China), VoL 18. Tokyo: Tōa Dōbunkai.
37.
Tielu Xiehui huibao [Railway Association Magazine] (1915) Peking.
38.
Wang Kung-Ping (1947) Controlling Factors in the Future Development of the Chinese Coal Industry. New York: King's Crown Press.
39.
Yang Da-Jin (1940) Xiandai Zhongguo shiyezhi. Changsha.
40.
Youchuanbu [Ministry of Posts and Communications] (1915) Youchuanbu zouyi leibian xubian (Supplement to compendium of memorials from the Ministry of Posts and Communications), section on land communication (lubian). Peking.
41.
Zeng Kun-Hua (1924) Zhongguo tielu shi (History of Chinese railways)Peking.
42.
--- ( 1908) Zhongguo tielu xianshi tonglun (Comprehensive discussion of the current state of Chinese railways). 2 Vols. Peking.