The peasant movement in Guangdong from 1922 to 1926 gave birth to a new revolutionary rural politics, which differed from earlier rural politics in four respects. Grassroots organizations of peasants rose to become influential power holders, first to take on the functions of rural governance; second, to satisfy the urgent needs of peasants at the bottom of society, rather than just meeting the top-down demands of the bureaucracy; third, to politicize class contradictions in the economic sphere; fourth, to turn rural society from passivity into a force that impacted county politics from the bottom up. This article, using the rich empirical evidence on the peasant movement in Haifeng and other regions of Guangdong, shows the relevance of the traditions of semiformal governance and local militarization in the making of this new rural politics.
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