Islam,The City,The City in Islam

Raymond’s description of the city itself as Muslim may or may not be the product of an ambiguity produced in translation: "Muslim," as a term, is generally used to modify people, and "Islamic" to modify objects. The description of the city itself as Muslim is powerful. On the one hand, it is evocative of Ibn Khaldun in its personification of the city and, on the other, it is assigning a certain agency to the city itself.