Read Frederick L. Hoffman, "Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro,"American Economic Association Publications, 11 (August 1896); Benjamin A. Gould, Investigations in the Military and Anthropological Statistics of American Soldiers ( New York, 1869); J. T. Walton, "The Comparative Mortality of the White and Colored Races in the South,"Charlotte Medical Journal10 (1897 ): 292; John S. Haller, Jr., Outcasts From Evolution: Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995).
