Abstract
During the second half of the nineteenth century, a heightened sensitivity to noise arose in European cities. In a context of expanding industrialization and urbanization, medical journals and leading newspapers published extensive articles on the changing acoustic conditions of cities. Neurologists and ear specialists increasingly were confronted with the physical effects of noise pollution, and civic officials and sanitary inspectors noted a marked increase of noise-related complaints. Engineers, architects, and urban planners searched for ways to reduce the din, and conferences on sanitary regulations and health management put noise and how to avoid it on their agendas. This study highlights the social background of this movement in Vienna. It describes the radically changed soundscape in a fast-growing metropolis and examines the heightened discourse on noise among the middle classes between 1870 and 1914. By analyzing the reactions to noise—for example, the ways in which noise-abatement campaigns were received by the public—this article shows that attitudes to noise were fundamentally ambivalent. Noise thus appears as a complex phenomenon that can illumine social and economic conflicts, cultural criticism, and questions of urban development. The strategies employed to cope with noise pollution turn out to be a consistent part of a specific cultural perception that helped to transform and regulate public space according to middle-class concepts.
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