Determinants offathers 'involvement with theirchildren were examined in a study of 60 low-income African American and 25 low-income Puerto Rican men residing with their children in two-parent families. Allfathers had at least one preschool-age child in Head Start. The variables measured were the father's accessibility, direct interaction, play, outings, reading, and responsibility for children in Head Start. The findings showed that higher levels of paternal involvement with children were negatively related to the father's self-esteem and positively related to maternal employment, mothers' hours in paid work and school, family income, and paternal nurturance. The study concluded that a combination of sociostructural, psychological, and parenting skillfactors influences the involvement of African American and Puerto Rican fathers with their children.
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