This article traces the historical evolution of African (Black) psychology in the United States and outlines the main components of an African-centered psychology. The article concludes with a call for the formation of Pan African psychology founded on the notion of Spirit or Sakhu and an invitation for African (Black) psychologists to seize the global opportunity to informally and/or where advantageous formally establish a Pan African (Black) Psychology African World Federation Network.
AkbarN. (1984). Africentric social science for human liberation. Journal of Black Studies, 14, 395-414.
2.
AkbarN. (1985). Nile valley origins of the science of the mind. In Van SertimaI. (Ed.), Nile Valley Civilizations (pp. 120-132). New Brunswick, NJ: Journal of African Civilizations.
3.
AkbarN. (1990). African American consciousness and Kemet: Spirituality, symbolism and duality in reconstructing Kemetic culture. In KarengaM. (Ed.), Papers, perspectives, projects (pp. 99-114). Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
4.
AsanteM. (1991). Kemet, Afrocentricity, and knowledge. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
5.
AsanteM. (2003). The Afrocentric idea, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
6.
AziboD. A. (1989). African-centered thesis on mental health of African Americans and a nosology of Black/African personality disorder. Journal of Black Psychology, 15, 173-214.
7.
BudgeE. (1997). An introduction to ancient Egyptian literature. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.
8.
DiopC. A. (1974). The African origins of civilization: Myth or reality. Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill.xiii
9.
EhretC. (2001). Bantu expansions: Re-envisioning a central problem of early African history. International Journal of African Historical Studies, 34, 5-41.
10.
EpsteinE. L.KoleR. (Eds.). (1998). The language of African literature. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
11.
Fu-KiauK. K. B. (2001). Tying the spiritual knot: African cosmology of the Bantu-Kongo (2nd ed.). Brooklyn, NY: Athelia Henrietta Press.
12.
GrillsC. (2002). African-centered psychology: Basic principles. In ParhamT. A. (Ed.), Counseling persons of African descent: Raising the bar of practitioner competence (pp. 10-24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13.
GrillsC.RoweD. (1996). African traditional medicine: Implications for African centered approaches to healing. In JonesR. (Ed.), Advances in African American psychology: Theory, paradigms and research (pp. 71-100). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
14.
HilliardA. G.III. (1986). The wisdom of Kemetic governance. In KarengaM.CarruthersJ. (Eds.), Kemet and the African worldview (pp. 131-148). Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
15.
KagameA. (1989). The problem of “man” in Bantu philosophy. Journal of African Religion and Philosophy, 1, 35-40.
16.
KambonK. K. K. (1992). The African personality in America: An African centered framework. Tallahassee, FL: Nubian Nation.
17.
KarengaM. (2010). Introduction to Black studies (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
18.
KarengaM.CarruthersJ. (Eds.). (1986). Kemet and the African worldview. Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
19.
KingL.DixonV. J.NoblesW. W. (Eds.). (1976). African philosophy: Assumptions and paradigms for research on Black persons. Los Angeles, CA: J. Alfred Cannon Research Conference Series.
20.
KrugerD. (1988). In search of a human science of psychology. South African Journal of Psychology, 18, 1-9.
21.
MphahleleE. (1987, November). Images of the African personality. Paper presented at Conference on Black Culture and Business, Johannesburg, South Africa.
22.
MyersL. J. (1988). Understanding an Afrocentric worldview. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
23.
NgubaneJ.K (1979) Conflict of minds: changing power isposition in South Africa. Books in Focus, New York, 60.
24.
NoblesW. W. (1972). African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology. In JonesR. (Ed.), Black Psychology (pp.18-32). New York, NY: Harper & Row.
25.
NoblesW. W. (1986a). African psychology: Toward its reclamation, reascension and revitalization. Oakland, CA: Black Family Institute.
26.
NoblesW. W. (1986b). Ancient Egyptian thought and the renaissance of African (Black) psychology. In KarengaM.CarruthersJ. (Eds.), Kemet and the African worldview (pp. 110-118). Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press.
27.
NoblesW. W. (1997). To be African or not to be: The question of identity or authenticity—some preliminary thoughts. In JonesR. L. (Ed.), African American identity development: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 203-213). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
28.
NoblesW. W. (2013). Fundamental task and challenge of Black psychology. Journal of Black Psychology, 39, 292-299.
29.
NoblesW. W. (2015). Cultural resistance to psychic terrorism. In ShujaaM. J.ShujaaK. J. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of African cultural heritage in North America. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30.
NsamenangA. B. (2006). Origins and development of indigenous psychologies—Cameroon. International Journal of Psychology, 41, 258-259.
31.
Owuso-BempahJ.HowittD. (1995). How Eurocentric psychology damages Africa. The Psychologist, 7, 163-166.
32.
SarbinT. R. (1986). Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct. Westport, CT: Praeger.
33.
TuckerC. G. (2003). An introduction to African languages. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamin.
34.
WilliamsB. H. (1997). Coming together: The founding of the association of Black psychologists. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9822882)
35.
WilliamsR. (2008). History of the Association of Black Psychologists: Profiles of outstanding Black psychologists. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse.
36.
WilsonA. S. (1993). The falsification of African consciousness: Eurocentric history, psychiatry and the politics of White supremacy. Brooklyn, NY: Afrikan World Infosystems.
