This research examines engagement in diaspora philanthropy through the lens of Lost Boys of Sudan and their founding of small international nonprofit service organizations based in the United States. We seek to understand refugees’ motivations to take upon themselves leadership roles in their local United States communities and in the provision of goods and services to their homeland, South Sudan. By becoming founders of international service nonprofits, Lost Boys make meaning of their experiences and are able to motivate local support in their United States communities to give to distant communities in South Sudan.
AkninL. B.Barrington-LeighC. P.DunnE. W.HelliwellJ. F.BurnsJ.Biswas-DienerR.KemezaI.NyendeP.Ashton-JamesC. E.NortonM. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635–652.
2.
AkninL. B.MayrazG.HelliwellJ. F. (2017). The emotional consequences of donation opportunities. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 169–177.
3.
AllwoodM. A.Bell-DolanD.HusainS. A. (2002). Children’s trauma and adjustment reactions to violent and nonviolent war experiences. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(4), 450–457.
4.
AndreoniJ. (1990). Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving. The Economic Journal, 100(401), 464–477.
5.
AndrighettoL.BaldissarriC.LattanzioS.LoughnanS.VolpatoC. (2014). Humanitarian aid? Two forms of dehumanization and willingness to help after natural disasters. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53(3), 573–584.
6.
AppeS. (2017). Civil society organizations in a post-aid world: New trends and observations from the Andean region. Public Administration and Development, 37(2), 122–135.
7.
AppeS.OregA. (Forthcoming). Philanthropic entrepreneurs who give overseas: An exploratory study of international giving through grassroots organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.
8.
BabisD. (2016). Understanding diversity in the phenomenon of immigrant organizations: A comprehensive framework. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 17(2), 355–369.
9.
Bar NissimH. S. (2019). “New diaspora philanthropy”? The philanthropy of the UJA-Federation of New York toward Israel. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48, 839–858.
10.
BartelsD. M.BurnettR. C. (2011). A group construal account of drop-in-the-bucket thinking in policy preference and moral judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), 50–57.
11.
BatsonC. D.ShawL. L. (1991). Evidence for altruism: Toward a pluralism of prosocial motives. Psychological Inquiry, 2, 107–122.
12.
BekkersR.WiepkingP. (2011). A literature review of empirical studies of philanthropy: Eight mechanisms that drive charitable giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(5), 924–973.
13.
BennettR. (2003). Factors underlying the inclination to donate to particular types of charity. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 12–29.
14.
BrinkerhoffJ. (2008). Diaspora philanthropy in an at-risk society: The case of Coptic orphans in Egypt. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 37(3), 411–433.
15.
BrinkerhoffJ. (2011). David and Goliath: Diaspora organizations as partners in the development industry. Public Administration and Development, 31, 37–49.
16.
BrinkerhoffJ. (2014). Diaspora philanthropy: Lessons from a demographic analysis of the Coptic diaspora. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(6), 969–992.
17.
BrowerR. S.AbolafiaM. Y.CarrJ. B. (2000). On improving qualitative methods in public administration research. Administration & Society, 32(4), 363–397.
18.
CorbinJ.StraussA. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Sage.
19.
DerluynI.MelsC.BroekaertE. (2009). Mental health problems in separated refugee adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(3), 291–297.
20.
EisenhardtK. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550.
21.
FlaniganS. T. (2017). Crowdfunding and diaspora philanthropy: An integration of the literature and major concepts. Voluntas, 28(2), 492–509.
22.
GarkischM.HeidingsfelderJ.BeckmannM. (2017). Third sector organizations and migration: A systematic literature review on the contribution of third sector organizations in view of flight, migration and refugee crises. Voluntas, 28, 1839–1880.
23.
GeltmanP. L.Grant-KnightW.MehtaS. D.Lloyd-TravagliniC.LustigS.LandgrafJ. M.WiseP. H. (2005). The lost boys of Sudan. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159, 585–591.
24.
GhorashiH.BoersmaK. (2009). The “Iranian diaspora” and the new media: From political action to humanitarian help. Development and Change, 40(4), 667–691.
25.
GoldsonE. (2003). Immigrant and refugee children and their families: Clinical, research, and training issues. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 24(3), 206–207.
26.
GrabskaK. (2013). The return of displaced Nuer in Southern Sudan: Women becoming men?Development and Change, 44(5), 1135–1157.
HendrenK.LuoQ.PandeyS. (2018). The state of mixed methods research in public administration and public policy. Public Administration Review, 78(6), 904–916.
29.
JohnsonP. D. (2007). Diaspora philanthropy: Influences, initiatives, and issues. The Philanthropic Initiative, The Global Equity Initiative.
30.
KerlinJ. A. (2013). Predicting variation in funding for international nongovernmental organizations following three external events. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 23(4), 473–490.
31.
KerlinJ. A.ManikowskiS. (2011). Organizational change in the U.S. Afghan diaspora A response to homeland events or heightened government scrutiny?Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 21(4), 363–380.
32.
KoffH. (2017). Diaspora philanthropy in the context of policy coherence for development: Implications for the post-2015 sustainable development agenda. International Migration, 55(1), 5–19.
33.
KohlsR. (1984). The values Americans live by. Meridian House International.
34.
KrogstadJ. M.RadfordJ. (2017). Key facts about refugees to the U.S. Pew Research Center.
35.
LiberatoreG. (2017). Forging a “good diaspora”: Political mobilization among Somalis in the UK. Development and Change, 49(1), 146–169.
36.
LusterT.QinD.BatesL.JohnsonD. J.RanaM. (2008). The Lost Boys of Sudan: Ambiguous loss, search for family, and reestablishing relationships with family members. Family Relations, 57(4), 444–456.
37.
MarianoL. J. Z. (2017). Doing good in Filipino diaspora: Philanthropy, remittances, and homeland returns. Journal of Asian American Studies, 20(2), 219–244.
38.
McKinnonS. L. (2008). Unsettling resettlement: Problematizing “Lost Boys of Sudan” resettlement and identity. Western Journal of Communication, 72(4), 397–414.
39.
MerriamS. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass.
40.
MilesM. B.HubermanA. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
41.
NeimeyerR. A. (2001). Introduction: Meaning reconstruction and loss. In NeimeyerR. A. (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss (pp. 1–12). The American Psychologist Association.
42.
NewlandK.TerrazasA.MunsterR. (2010). Diaspora philanthropy: Private giving and public policy. Migration Policy Institute.
43.
OspinaS.EsteveM.LeeS. (2018). Assessing qualitative studies in public administration research. Public Administration Review, 78, 593–605.
44.
RandoT. A. (1993). Treatment of complicated mourning. Research Press.
45.
RossettoK. R. (2014). Creating philanthropic foundations to deal with grief: Case studies of bereaved parents. Death Studies, 38(8), 531–537.
46.
SafranW. (2005). The Jewish diaspora in a comparative and theoretical perspective, Israel. Studies, 10(1), 36–60.
47.
SchnableA. (2015). New American relief and development organizations: Voluntarizing global aid. Social Problems, 62(2), 309–329.
48.
SchnableA. (2016). What religion affords grassroots NGOs: Frames, networks, modes of action. Journal for Scientific Study of Religion, 5(2), 216–232.
49.
SchneewindJ. B. (1996). Voluntarism and the foundations of ethics. In Proceedings and addresses of the American philosophical association (Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 25–14). American Philosophical Association.
50.
SchwartzS. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 221–279.
51.
ShefferG. (Ed.). (1986). Modern diasporas in international politics. Taylor & Francis.
52.
SidelM. (2008). A decade of research and practice of diaspora philanthropy in the Asia Pacific region: The state of the field [Conference session]. Asia Pacific Philanthropy Consortium: Diaspora Giving: An Agent of Change in Asia Pacific Communities?, Hanoi, Vietnam. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1127237
53.
SilvermanP. R.KlassD. (1996). Introduction: What’s the problem? In KlassD. (Ed.), Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief (pp. 3–27). Taylor & Francis.
54.
SiminoffL. A.GordonN.HewlettJ.ArnoldR. M. (2001). Factors influencing families’ consent for donation of solid organs for transplantation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2861(1), 71–77.
55.
StakeR. E. (1995). The art of case study. Sage.
56.
TitmussR. M. (1970). The gift relationship. Reprinted by the New Press.
57.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2018). Global trends: Forced displacement in 2017. The UN Refugee Agency.
58.
VollhardtJ. R. (2009). Altruism born of suffering and prosocial behavior following adverse life events: A review and conceptualization. Social Justice Research, 22(1), 53–97.
59.
WalkerW.BroderickA.SqueM. (2013). Factors influencing bereaved families’ decisions about organ donation: An integrative literature review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(10), 1339–1359.
60.
WalkerW.SqueM. (2016). Balancing hope and despair at the end of life: The contribution of organ and tissue donation. Journal of Critical Care, 32, 73–78.
61.
WebberD. (2004). Understanding charity fundraising events. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 92(2), 122–134.
62.
WerbnerP. (2002). The place which is diaspora: Citizenship, religion and gender in the making of chaordic transnationalism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28, 119–133.
63.
WiepkingP. (2010). Democrats support international relief and the upper class donates to art?Social Science Research, 39(6), 1073–1087.
64.
ZagefkaH.JamesY. (2015). The psychology of charitable donations to disaster victims and beyond. Social Issues and Policy Review, 9(1), 155–192.
65.
ZagefkaH.NoorM.BrownR.de MouraG. R.HopthrowT. (2011). Donating to disaster victims: Responses to natural and humanly caused events. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(3), 353–363.
