This study explores self-organized voluntary nonprofit collaboration to investigate why and under which circumstances nonprofit organizations participate in voluntary-based informal collaboration. To answer this question, we extend the institutional collective action (ICA) framework to identify the reasons why nonprofit organizations participate in informal collaborative arrangements. Based on data derived from a national survey of nonprofit organizations, we report evidence that the internal organizational conditions, embedded relationships, service areas, and client population of nonprofits influence their participation in informal collaborations.
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