Six normative principles are developed for consideration in the debate as to when and how government should directly administer its activities versus contract them out. These differ from the inherently governmental and economic efficiency criteria commonly espoused. The principles are inspired by the purposes of government stated in the Preamble to the Constitution and are developed according to Friedrich’s concept of public administration as a disciplined taking of measures. Even though illustrative rather than comprehensive, the principles collectively show how public administration has moral, legal, and economic obligations.
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