Hate and Combat Behavior

Abstract

Of the multiple determinants of combat motivation, one of the least discussed and studied is hate. Does hate play a role in the conduct of modern armies? If so, what are the implications? If not, should it play a role? This article reviews the sociological and psychological literature concerning hate as it pertains to the armed forces. Various definitions of hate and hatred, from Aristotle to Allport, are presented. Attitudinal and emotional conceptualizations are examined. Factors affecting the learning of hatred (e.g., culture or background) are discussed. Arguments for and against hate indoctrination for members of the armed forces during wartime are considered.