This study evaluates the physical and thermal performance of three natural-fiber composites: jute nanocellulose (JNC), sugarcane bagasse (SBC), and the hybrid jute nanocellulose/sugarcane bagasse system (JNSBC). Water absorption, swelling, density, thermal degradation behavior, FTIR characteristics, and heat-transfer performance were assessed. Results show that JNSBC possesses the highest density and the lowest moisture uptake, whereas SBC exhibits the greatest water absorption and dimensional swelling. FTIR analysis indicates stronger cellulose–OH interactions in the hybrid composite, contributing to improved interfacial bonding. TGA confirms enhanced thermal stability for JNSBC, characterized by major decomposition peaks at 320°C and 398°C. The hybrid composite also demonstrates superior thermal performance, reaching a conductivity of 0.233 W/m-K. Overall, the JNSBC system delivers the most balanced combination of low water absorption, structural stability, mechanical properties, and thermal resistance, highlighting its potential for sustainable material applications.
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