Composites of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with short carbon fibers (SCF) were prepared with two-roll open mill. Ozone treatment of carbon fibers was used to improve the interfacial interaction between fiber and matrix through chemical bonding and physical interlocking. The effect of treatment time on morphology and chemical component of SCF surface and mechanical properties of composites were thoroughly discussed. Results indicated that ozone treatment increased the surface roughness and the number of oxygen-containing groups. Compared with untreated SCF, tensile strength of NR-loaded SCF oxidized for 2.5 h reached the maximum values 26.9 MPa, and the increasing rate was 44.6%.
GeethammaVGThomasMKLakshminarayananR. Composite of short coir fibres and natural rubber: effect of chemical modification, loading and orientation of fibre. Polymer1998; 39: 1483.
2.
IsmailHEdyhamMRWirjosentonoB. Bamboo fibre filled natural rubber composites: the effects of filler loading and bonding agent. Polym Test2002; 21: 139.
3.
KumarRPThomasS. Short fibre elastomer composites: effect of fibre length, orientation, loading and bonding agent. Bull Mater Sci1995; 18: 1021.
4.
TzounisLDebnathSRoojS. High performance natural rubber composites with a hierarchical reinforcement structural of carbon nanotube modified natural fibers. Mater Des2014; 58: 1.
5.
HuangXS. Fabrication and properties of carbon fibers. Materials2009; 2: 2369.
6.
ChandD. Carbon fibers for composites. J Mater Sci2000; 35: 1303.
7.
HanSHOhHJKimSS. Evaluation of fiber surface treatment on the interfacial behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos B2014; 60: 98.
8.
SauKPChakiTKKhastgirD. Carbon fibre filled conductive composites based on nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene dine rubber (EPDM) and their blend. Polymer1998; 39: 6461.
9.
KimESLeeTHKimEJ. Surface modifaction of carbon fiber and the mechanical properties of the silicone rubber/carbon fiber composites. J Appl Polym Sci2012; 126: 410.
ZhangXRPeiXQWangQH. The effect of fiber oxidation on the friction and wear behaviors of short-cut carbon fiber/polyimide composites. Express Polym Lett2007; 1: 318.
12.
LiuJTianYLChenYJ. A surface treatment technique of electrochemical oxidation to simultaneously improve the interfacial bonding strength and the tensile strength of PAN-based carbon fibers. Mater Chem Phys2010; 122: 548.
13.
DaiZSShiFHZhangBY. Effect of sizing on carbon fiber surface properties and fibers/epoxy interfacial adhesion. Appl Surf Sci2011; 257: 6980.
14.
WenHCYangKOuKL. Effects of ammonia plasma treatment on the surface characteristic of carbon fibers. Surf Coat Technol2006; 200: 3166.
15.
MaoLWangYSZangZJ. Amino-functionalization of carbon fibers through electron-beam irradiation technique. Appl Polym Sci2014; 131: 376.
16.
LiBZhangCRCaoF. Effects of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of T700 carbon fiber reinforced BN-Si3N4 composites. Mater Sci Eng A2007; 471: 169.
17.
LiMHMaryBThomasPB. Oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in dilute aqueous solutions by ozone as affected by ultrasound. Carbon2008; 46: 466.
18.
ZhengJZhangZQMengLH. Effects of ozone method treating carbon fibers on mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites. Mater Chem Phys2006; 97: 167.
19.
OsbeckSBradleyRHLiuC. Effect of an ultraviolet/ ozone treatment on the surface texture and functional groups on polyacrylonitrile carbon fibres. Carbon2011; 49: 4322.
20.
ManchesterSWangXLKulaotsI. High capacity mercury adsorption on freshly ozone-treated carbon surfaces. Carbon2008; 46: 518.
21.
AlvárezPMGarcía-ArayaJFBeltránFJ. The influence of various factors on aqueous ozone decomposition by granular activated carbons and the development of a mechanical approach. Carbon2006; 44: 3102.
22.
ThomasonJLAdzimaLJ. Sizing up the interphase: an insider’s guide to the science of sizing. Compos A2001; 32: 313.
23.
VautardFDentzerJNardinM. Influence of surface defects on the tensile strength of carbon fibers. Appl Surf Sci2014; 322: 185.
24.
Montes-MoránMAYongRJ. Raman spectroscopy study of HM carbon fibers: effect of plasma treatment on the interfacial properties of single fibre/epoxy composites Part 1: fiber characterization. Carbon2002; 40: 845.
25.
CuestaADhamelincourtPLaureynsJ. Comparative performance of X-ray diffraction and Raman microprobe techniques for the study of carbon materials. J Mater Chem1998; 8: 2875.
26.
KatagiriGIshidaHIshitaniA. Raman spectra of graphite edge planes. Carbon1988; 26: 565.
27.
PócsikIHundhausenMKoósM. Origin of the D peak in the Raman spectrum of microcrystalline graphite. Journal of Non-crystalline Solids. J Non-cryst Solids1998; 227–230: 1083.
28.
FerrariARobertsonJ. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amphorphous carbon. Phys Rev B2006; 61: 14095.
29.
TunistraFKoenigJL. Raman spectrum of graphite. J Chem Phys1970; 53: 1126.
30.
FukunagaAKomamiTUedaS. Plasma treatment of pitch-based ultra high modulus carbon fibers. Carbon1999; 37: 1087.
31.
YuanHWangCGZhangS. Effect of surface modification on carbon fiber and its reinforced phenolic matrix composite. Appl Surf Sci2012; 259: 288.
32.
PayneAR. The dynamic properties of carbon black-loaded natural rubber vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci1962; 6: 53.
33.
JinBSLeeKHChoeCR. Properties of carbon fibers modified by oxygen plasma. Polym Int1994; 34: 181.
34.
KellyATysonWR. Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals: copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum. J Mech Phys Solids1965;13: 329–350.
