Enhanced interfacial interaction for effective reinforcement of chitosan nanocomposites at different loading of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes with vitamin C

Abstract

Chitosan-based nanocomposites (NCs) at different modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) loadings were produced by solvent casting method. The effective dispersion of the MWCNT in polymer matrix is an important factor while making its NCs. The MWCNTs intrinsically tend to bundle and/or aggregate. For this reason, the MWCNT is modified to improve the dispersibility when incorporated into polymer matrix. In this study, the MWCNTs were modified with ascorbic acid or vitamin C (VC). The combined effect of MWCNT-VC and chitosan on the structural, crystallinity, interfacial interactions, and mechanical and thermal properties of the obtained NCs was investigated. Scanning electron micrographs showed that in the NC films, MWCNTs were dispersed homogeneously throughout the chitosan matrix. The tensile strength of chitosan film increased significantly with increasing the MWCNT-VC content.

Keywords

Chitosan nanocomposite modified MWCNT mechanical properties vitamin C

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Avérous

Pollet

. Biodegradable polymers. In: Avérous

Pollet

(eds) Environmental silicate nano-biocomposites. London: Springer, 2012. pp. 13–39.

Pillai

CKS

Paul

Sharma

. Chitin and chitosan polymers: chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci 2009; 34: 641–678.

Wang

H-D

Xie

Hui Niu

. Chitosan chiral ligand exchange membranes for sorption resolution of amino acids. Chem Eng Sci 2009; 64: 1462–1473.

Abdollahi

Rezaei

Farzi

. Improvement of active chitosan film properties with rosemary essential oil for food packaging. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012; 47: 847–853.

Wan Ngah

Teong

Hanafiah

MAKM

. Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: a review. Carbohydr Polym 2011; 83: 1446–1456.

F-C

Tseng

R-L

Juang

R-S

. A review and experimental verification of using chitosan and its derivatives as adsorbents for selected heavy metals. J Environ Manag 2010; 91: 798–806.

Sahai

. Chitosan biopolymer for fuel cell applications. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92: 955–975.

Anitha

Sowmya

Kumar

PTS

. Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014; 39: 1644–1667.

. Simple fabrication of a sensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensor using enzymes immobilized in processable polyaniline nanofibers/chitosan film. Mater Sci Eng C 2009; 29: 1794–1797.

10.

Hwang

. A biomimetic chitosan composite with improved mechanical properties in wet conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29: 505–512.

11.

Ismail

Irani

Ahmad

. Superabsorbent hydrogels prepared from waste polystyrene and linear low-density polyethylene. J Elastom Plast 2013; 45: 536–550.

12.

Bréchet

Cavaillé

Chabert

. Polymer based nanocomposites: effect of filler-filler and filler–matrix interactions. Adv Eng Mater 2001; 3: 571–577.

13.

Vural

Kuralay

Bayram

. Preparation and physical/electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotube–chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode. Appl Surf Sci 2010; 257: 622–627.

14.

Celis

Adelino

Hermosín

. Montmorillonite–chitosan bionanocomposites as adsorbents of the herbicide clopyralid in aqueous solution and soil/water suspensions. J Hazard Mater 2012; 209–210: 67–76.

15.

Nawi

Jawad

Sabar

. Immobilized bilayer TiO₂/chitosan system for the removal of phenol under irradiation by a 45watt compact fluorescent lamp. Desalination 2011; 280: 288–296.

16.

Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani

Khataee

Safari

. Preparation of bio-silica/chitosan nanocomposite for adsorption of a textile dye in aqueous solutions. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2013; 85: 383–391.

17.

Spitalsky

Tasis

Papagelis

. Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties. Prog Polym Sci 2010; 35: 357–401.

18.

Popov

. Carbon nanotubes: properties and application. Mater Sci Eng R 2004; 43: 61–102.

19.

Jha

Ramesh

Bekyarova

. Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube-based fuel cell benchmarked against US DOE 2017 technical targets. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 2257.

20.

Zhang

Wang

Zhou

. Rigid/flexible transparent electronics based on separated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors and their application in display electronics. ACS Nano 2012; 6: 7412–7419.

21.

Hobbs

Patel

Kim

. Glucose determination in beverages using carbon nanotube modified biosensor: an experiment for the undergraduate laboratory. J Chem Edu 2013; 90: 1222–1226.

22.

Chiu

. Adsorption of zinc(II) from water with purified carbon nanotubes. Chem Eng Sci 2006; 61: 1138–1145.

23.

Kumar

Bose

Chatterjee

. Amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes impart osteoinductive and bactericidal properties in poly([varepsilon]-caprolactone) composites. RSC Adv 2014; 4: 19086–19098.

24.

Backes

Hirsch

. Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Chemistry of nanocarbons. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. doi: 10.1002/9780470660188.

25.

Lee

J-H

Rhee

Park

. Silane modification of carbon nanotubes and its effects on the material properties of carbon/CNT/epoxy three-phase composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 2011; 42: 478–483.

26.

Wang

H-L

Liu

Qian

D-J

. Isophthalic acid-functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an alternative nanolayer for the layer-by-layer assembly with poly(xylylviologen). Synth Met 2012; 162: 881–887.

27.

Mallakpour

Zadehnazari

. One-pot synthesis of glucose functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: dispersion in hydroxylated poly(amide-imide) composites and their thermo-mechanical properties. Polymer 2013; 54: 6329–6338.

28.

Mallakpour

Zadehnazari

. A convenient strategy to functionalize carbon nanotubes with ascorbic acid and its effect on the physical and thermomechanical properties of poly(amide–imide) composites. J Solid State Chem 2014; 211: 136–145.

29.

Abdolmaleki

Mallakpour

Borandeh

. Amino acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for improving compatibility with chiral poly(amide-ester-imide) containing l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine linkages. Appl Surf Sci 2013; 287: 117–123.

30.

Yen

M-T

Yang

J-H

Mau

J-L

. Physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydr Polym 2009; 75: 15–21.

31.

Pérez-Cabero

Rodríguez-Ramos

Guerrero-Ruíz

. Characterization of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers prepared by catalytic decomposition of acetylene in a fluidized bed reactor. J Catal 2003; 215: 305–316.

32.

López

Mercê

ALR

Alguacil

. A kinetic study on the thermal behaviour of chitosan. J Therm Anal Calorim 2008; 91: 633–639.