Abstract
A new, territorial focus, replacing the regionalization of the past. emerged in state planning in Brazil between 1950 and 1970 and again between 1995 and 2010. From the traditional conception of the region predominant throughout the twentieth century, a shift occurred in public policy making to application of the notion of differentiated territories, with two dominant perspectives: one based on the economic potentials of territories, under the Fernando Henrique Cardoso government, and the other, under the Lula government, based on the concept of socially vulnerable territories. The causes of this change have to do with the reduction of the importance of regional inequality in favor of social inequality, with the risk of separatism being replaced by the loss of social cohesion. The new territorial focus in government planning seemed to point to a loss of power of regional oligarchies, but this practice was interrupted for political reasons in 2007.
Um novo foco territorial, substituindo a regionalização do primeiro período, ocorreu no planejamento estatal entre os anos 1950–1970 e 1995–2010. Da concepção tradicional de região, predominante ao longo do século XX, migrou-se para o uso da noção de territórios diferenciados nas políticas públicas, com duas noções dominantes: a primeira, baseada nas potencialidades econômicas dos territórios, no governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, e a segunda, baseada na concepção de territórios socialmente vulneráveis, no governo Lula. As razões para esta transformação tem como fundamento a perda da principalidade da desigualdade regional em favor da desigualdade social; o risco do separatismo foi subtituido pelo da perda da coesão social. O novo foco territorial no planejamento governamental parecia indicar uma perda de poder das oligarquias regionais. Esta prática, porém, foi interrompida por razões de ordem política a partir de 2007.
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