The mística of Brazil’s Landless Rural Workers’ Movement developed from Latin American liberation theology and is generally interpreted as love for a cause, solidarity experienced in collectivity, and belief in change. Not only an emotional element, however, it is a praxis of pedagogy and culture developed by the movement to construct its collective identity and preserve its cultural roots against the homogenization of globalization. Art and symbolism are used in practices that not only educate but empower by example and reflect the collective memory of the Landless. The movement incorporates these practices into its struggles, keeping the inspiration alive without institutionalizing the mística.
Adriance, Madeleine Cousineau 1996 Terra prometida: As comunidades eclesiais de base e os conflitos rurais. São Paulo: Paulinas.
2.
Almeida, Lucio Flávio de and Felix Ruiz Sanchez2000“The Landless Movement and social struggles against neoliberalism.”Latin American Perspectives27(5): 11-32.
3.
Alvarez, Sonia E., Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar (eds.) 1998Culture of Politics, Politics of Culture: Re-Visioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press.
4.
Amnesty International1998Brazil, Corumbiara, and Eldorado de Carajás: Rural Violence, Police Brutality, and Impunity. New York.
5.
Arenhart, Deise 2003 A educação da infância no MST: O olhar das crianças sobre uma pedagogia em movimento. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
6.
Baierle, Sérgio Gregório1998“The explosion of experience: the emergence of a new ethical-political principle in popular movements in Porto Alegre, Brazil,” in Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar (eds.), Culture of Politics, Politics of Culture: Re-Visioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press.
7.
Banford, Sue and Oriel Glock1985The Last Frontier: Fighting over Land in the Amazon. London: Zed Books.
8.
2001b Dez conselhos para os militantes de esquerda. São Paulo: MST.
9.
1994b “Mística e cultos africanos,” in Leonardo Boff and Frei Betto (eds.), Mística e espiritualidade. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco.
10.
Bogo, Ademar 1999 Lições da luta pela terra. Salvador: Memorial das Letras. 2002 O vigor da mística. São Paulo: MST.
11.
Caldart, Roseli Salete 2000 Pedagogia do Movimento Sem Terra. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
12.
Comissão Pastoral da Terra 1998 Trabalho escravo nas fazendas, Pará e Amapá 1980-1997. Belém.
13.
Dagnino, Evelina1998“Culture, citizenship, and democracy: changing discourses and practices of the Latin American left,” in Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar (eds.), Culture of Politics, Politics of Culture: Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press.
14.
2001 Questão agrária, pesquisa e MST. São Paulo: Editora Cortez.
15.
Freire, Paulo 1967 A pedagogia do oprimido. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.
16.
Görgen, Frei Sergio 1997 “Religiosidade e fé na luta pela terra,” in João Pedro Stedile (ed.), A reforma agrária e a luta do MST. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
17.
Harnecker, Marta2003Landless People: Building a Social Movement. São Paulo: Expressão Popular.
18.
Issa, Daniela 1999 “What is the role of the Catholic Church in the mobilization of the Landless Rural Workers’ Movement in Pará in the 1990’s?” Master’s thesis, University of South Florida.
19.
Janis, Irving1972Victims of Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
20.
Johnston, Hank1995“A methodology for frame analysis,” in Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans (eds.), Social Movements and Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
21.
Johnston, Hank and Bert Klandermans (eds.) 1995Social Movements and Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
22.
2005b“As manifestações artísticas no processo de formação identitária do Sem Terra.”Revista Psicologia Argumento. http://www.pucpr.br/template.php?codredir=550&&codigo=423 (43): 69-79.
Martins, José de Souza 1997 “A questão agrária brasileira e o papel do MST,” in João Pedro Stedile (ed.), A reforma agrária e a luta do MST. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
25.
Melo Neto, João Cabral de 2006 Morte e vida severina e outros poemas para Vozes. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
26.
Navarro, Zander 2002 “Mobilização sem emancipação: As lutas sociais dos Sem-Terra no Brasil,” in Boaventura de Sousa Santos (ed.), Produzir para viver. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
27.
Peloso, Ranulfo 1994 A força que anima a militância. São Paulo: MST.
28.
Stedile, João Pedro and Bernardo Mançano Fernandes 2000 Brava gente: A trajetória do MST e a luta pela terra no Brasil. São Paulo: Fundação Perseu Abramo.
29.
Sutton, Alison1994Slavery in Brazil: A Link in the Chain of Modernization, the Case of Amazônia. London: Anti-Slavery International.
30.
Taylor, Verta and Nancy Whittier1995“Analytical approaches to social movement culture: the culture of the women’s movement,” in Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans (eds.), Social Movements and Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
31.
Tierra, Pedro 1997 “Somos a perigosa memória das lutas,” in João Pedro Stedile (ed.), A reforma agrária e a luta do MST. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
32.
Veltmeyer, Henry and James Petras2002“The social dynamics of Brazil’s rural Landless Workers’ Movement: ten hypotheses on successful leadership.”Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology39 (1): 79-96.
33.
Welch, Cliff2006“Movement histories: A preliminary historiography of Brazil’s Landless Laborers’ Movement (MST)”. Latin American Research Review41: 198-210.
34.
Wright, Angus and Wendy Wolford2003To Inherit the Earth: The Landless Movement and the Struggle for a New Brazil. Oakland: Food First Books.
