Abstract
The environment in which the pharmaceutical industry operates has changed considerably in the past three decades. Recent data indicate that the cost of drug development for a new chemical entity has risen to over $200 million, with an increase in average research and development (R&D) investments from 12% of sales in 1975 to more than 16% in 1990. Industry R&D responses will be in the areas of improving quality, management flexibility, and coordinating research efforts on an international basis. The internationalization of clinical research and development allows for flexibility in developing certain compounds in different geographic areas based on cost and other efficiency factors. The R&D industry must focus its attention on therapeutic motivation through the concentration of sound scientific ideas and projects to meet the needs of the dynamic health care environment.
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