This article describes an approach in which conjoint
methodology and multidimensional scaling can be fruitfully
applied, in tandem, to the measurement and representation
of preference data for factorially designed profiles. The ap
proach is described and applied to an illustrative data set.
We conclude the article with a brief discussion of possible
extensions of the approach and additional research needs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Albers, S. and K. Brockhoff.1977. "A Procedure for New Product Positioning in an Attribute Space." European Journal of Operations Research1: 230-281.
2.
Bloxom, Bruce.1978. "Constrained Multidimensional Scaling in N Space." Psychometrika43: 25-38.
3.
Carroll, J. Douglas.1980. "Models and Methods for Multidimensional Analyses of Preferential Choice (or Other Dominance) Data." In Similarity and Choice. Eds. E. D. Lantermann and H. Feger. Bem, Stuttgart, and Vienna: Hans Huber Publishers.
4.
and J.J. Chang.1970. "Analysis of Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling via an N-Way Generalization of 'Eckart-Young' Decomposition." Psychometrika35: 283-320.
5.
—, Paul E. Green, and Frank J. Carmone .1976. "CANDELINC: A New Method for Multidimensional Analysis with Constrained Solutions" Paper presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Psychology , Paris, France, July.
6.
—, S. Pruzansky, and J.B. Kruskal.1980. "CANDELINC: A General Approach to Multidimensional Analysis of Many-Way Arrays with Linear Constraints on Parameters" Psychometrika45 (March): 3-24.
7.
—and Myron Wish.1974. "Multidimensional Perceptual Models and Measurement Methods." In Handbook of Perception (Vol. II): Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement . New York: Academic Press.
8.
Cooper, Lee G.1983. "A Review of Multidimensional Scaling in Marketing Research ." Applied Pyschological Measurement7 (Fall): 427-450.
9.
Day, D.L., Wayne S. DeSarbo, and T.A. Oliva.1987. "Strategy Maps: A Spatial Representation of Intra-Industry Competitive Strategy. Management Science33: 1534-1551.
10.
deLeeuw, J. and W. Heiser.1980. "Multidimensional Scaling with Restrictions on the Configuration." In Multivarate Analysis (Vol. V), Ed. P.R. Krishnaiah.Amsterdam: North Holland Press.
11.
DeSarbo, Wayne S., J. Douglas Carroll, D. Lehmann, and J. O'Shaughnessy .1982. "Three-Way Multivariate Conjoint Analysis." Marketing Science1: 323-350.
12.
— and Vithala R. Rao.1986. "A Constrained Unfolding Model for Product Positioning." Marketing Science5 (Spring): 1-19.
13.
—and—. 1984. "GENFOLD2: A Set of Models and Algorithms for the General Unfolding Analysis of Preference/Dominance Data." Journal of Classification1: 147-186.
14.
Gavish, B., D. Horsky, and K. Srikanth.1983. "Optimal Positioning of a New Product ." Management Science29 (November): 1277-1297.
15.
Green, Paul E.1975. "Marketing Applications of MDS: Assessment and Outlook ." Journal of Marketing39 (January): 24-31.
16.
—. 1977. "A New Approach to Market Segmentation." Business Horizons20 (February) 61-73.
17.
—and FrankJ. Carmone.1970. Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques in Marketing Analysis. Boston: Allyn and Bacon .
18.
.—, —, and Prashant Vankudre .1985. "Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals for Conjoint-Based Simulations." American Marketing Association Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings 296-299.
19.
—, J. Douglas Carroll, and Frank J. Carmone .1976. "Superordinate Factorial Designs in the Analysis of Consumer Judgments." Journal of Business Research4: 281-295.
20.
—and Wayne S. DeSarbo.1979. "Componential Segmentation in the Analysis of Consumer Tradeoffs." Journal of Marketing43 (Fall): 83-91.
21.
—and Abba M. Krieger.1988. "A Decision Support System for Market Share Estimation and Optimal Pricing." Working Paper. Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, February.
22.
—, —, and J. Douglas Carroll .1987. "Conjoint Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling: A Complementary Approach." Journal of Advertising Research27 (October/November): 21-27.
23.
—, —, and Robert N. Zelnio .1989. "A Componential Segmentation Model with Optimal Product Design Features." Decision Sciences20 (Spring), 221-238.
24.
—and VithalaR. Rao.1972. Applied Multidimensional Scaling: A Comparison of Approaches and Algorithms. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
25.
— and Yoram Wind. 1973. Multiattribute Decisions in Marketing . Winsdale, IL: Dryden Press.
26.
Hauser, John R. and Patricia Simmie.1981. "Profit Maximizing Perceptual Positions: An Integrated Theory for the Selection of Product Features and Price." Management Science17 (January): 33-56.
27.
Holbrook, Morris B. and William L. Moore .1981. "Feature Interactions in Consumer Judgments of Verbal Versus Pictorial Presentation." Journal of Consumer Research8 (June): 103-113.
28.
—, —, Garry N. Dodgen, and William J. Havelena .1985. "Nonisomorphism, Shadow Features and Imputed Preferences."Marketing Science4 (Summer): 215-233.
29.
Lin, S. and B. Kemighan.1973. "An Effective Heuristic Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem." Operations Research21: 489-516.
30.
Oliva, T.A., D.L. Day, and Wayne S. DeSarbo .1987. "Selecting Competitive Tactics: Try a Strategy Map." Sloan Management Review28: 5-15.
31.
Plackett, R.L. and J.P. Burman.1946. "The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments." Biometrika33: 305-325.
32.
Shocker, Allan D. and V. Srinivasan.1974. "Consumer-Based Methodology for Identification of New Products." Management Science20 (February): 921-937.
33.
Takane, Yoshio, F.W. Young, and J. deLeeuw.1977. "Nomnetric Individual Differences in Multidimensional Scaling: An Alternating Least Squares Method with Optimal Scaling Features." Psychometrika42: 7-67.
34.
Wish, Myron.1975. "Subjects' Expectations About Their Own Interpersonal Communication: A Multidimensional Approach." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin1:501-504.
35.
Zufryden, F.S.1979. "ZIPMAP—A Zero-One Integer Programming Model for Market Segmentation and Product Positioning." Journal oftheOperational Research Society30: 63-70.