The traditional schemes for the classification of goods and
services do not adequately incorporate the marketing char
acteristics of services. However, rather than pose a separate
classification scheme for services, the author proposes a
broadened classification approach to include both goods and
services. Some marketing strategy implications of this clas
sification approach are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alexander, Ralph S, Frank M. Surface, Robert F. Elder, and Wroe Alderson (1940), Marketing, New York : Ginn and Company.
2.
Aspinwall, Leo (1961), "The Marketing Characteristics of Goods," in Four Marketing Theories, Boulder, CO.: Bureau of Business Research, University of Colorado.
3.
Bateson, John E. G., (1979), "Why We Need Service Marketing," in Ferrell, O.C., Stephen W Brown, and Charles W. Lamb, Jr., Conceptual and Theoretical Developments in Marketing, Chicago : American Marketing Association.
4.
Bell, Martin L. (1981), "A Matrix Approach to the Classification of Marketing Goods and Services," In Donnelly, James H. and William R. George (Eds.), The Marketing of Services, Chicago: American Marketing Association.
5.
Bucklin, Louis P. (1963), "Retail Strategy and the Classification of Goods ," Journal of Marketing, January, pp. 50-55.
6.
Chase, Richard B. (1978), "Where Does the Customer Fit in a Service Operation? " Harvard Business Review, November-December, pp. 137-142.
7.
Committee on Definitions, Ralph S. Alexander, Chairman (1960), Marketing Definitions, Chicago: American Marketing Association.
8.
Copeland, Melvin T. (1923), "Relation of Consumers Buying Habits to Marketing Methods," Harvard Business Review, April, pp. 282-289.
9.
Donnelly, James H. and William R. George (1981), Marketing of Services , Chicago: American Marketing Association .
10.
Eiglier, Pierre (1977), "A Note on the Commonality of Problems in Service Management: A Field Study," in Eiglier, Pierre, Eric Langeard, Christopher H. Lovelock, John E. G. Bateson, and Robert F. Young (1977), Marketing Consumer Services: New Insights, Cambridge, Mass.: Marketing Science Institute.
11.
Eiglier, Pierre and Eric Langeard (1977), "Services as Systems: Marketing Implications ," in Eiglier, Pierre, Eric Langeard, Christopher H. Lovelock, John E. G. Bateson, and Robert F. Young (1977), Marketing Consumer Services: New Insights, Cambridge, Mass.: Marketing Science Institute.
12.
Gronroos, Christian (1977), "The Service Marketing Confusion and a Service Oriented Approach to Marketing Planning," cited by Bateson in Eiglier, Pierre, Eric Langeard, Christopher H. Lovelock, John E.G. Bateson, and Robert F. Young (1977), Marketing Consumer Services: New Insights , Cambridge, Mass.: Marketing Science Institute.
13.
Gronroos, Christian (1983), Strategic Management and Marketing in the Service Sector, Cambridge: Marketing Science Institute.
14.
Hill, T.P. (1977), "On Goods and Services," Review of Income and Wealth, 23, December, pp. 315-338.
15.
Holton, Richard H. (1958), "The Distinction Between Convenience Goods, Shopping Goods, and Specialty Goods", Journal of Marketing, July, pp. 53-56.
16.
Johnson, Eugene M. (1969), Are Goods and Services Different? An Exercise in Marketing Theory, Unpublished doctoral dissertaton, Graduate School of Business Administration, St. Louis: Washington University.
17.
Judd, Robert C. (1964), "The Case for Redefining Services," Journal of Marketing. January, pp. 58-59.
18.
Kaish, Stanley ( 1967), "Cognitive Dissonance and the Classification of Consumer Goods," Journal of Marketing , October, pp. 28-31.
19.
Kotler, Philip, (1980), Principles of Marketing, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.
20.
Lazer, William and Eugene J. Kelley (1962), Managerial Marketing: Perspectives and Viewpoints, Homewood, III: Richard D. Irwin.
21.
Lehmann, Donald R. and John O'Shaughnessy , (1974), "Differences in Attribute Importance for Different Industrial Products," Journal of Marketing, April, pp. 36-42.
22.
Leichty, Margaret G. and Gilbert A. Churchill ( 1979), "Conceptual Insights Into Consumer Satisfaction With Services," in Beckwith, Neil, Michael Houston, Robert Mittelstaedt, Kent B. Monroe, and Scott M. Ward, (Eds), 1979 Educators' Conference Proceedings, Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 509-515.
23.
Levitt, Theodore (1969), The Marketing Mode, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
24.
Levitt, Theodore (1972), "Product-Line Approach to Services," Harvard Business Review, October, pp. 41-52.
25.
Levitt, Theodore (1976), "The Industrialization of Service," Harvard Business Review, September-October, pp. 63-74.
26.
Levitt, T. (1980), "Marketing Success Through Differentiation," Harvard Business Review, January-February, pp. 83-91.
27.
Lbvelock, Christopher (1980), "Towards a Classification of Service," in Lamb, Charles W. and Patrick M. Dunne, (Eds), Theoretical Developments in Marketing, Chicago: American Marketing Association.
28.
Lovelock, Christopher H. (1983), "Classifying Services to Gain Strategic Marketing Insight," Journal of Marketing, 47 (Summer), pp. 9-20.
29.
Miracle, Gordon E. (1965), "Product Characteristics and Marketing Strategy ," Journal of Marketing, January, pp. 18-25.
30.
Peterson, Robin T. (1985), "Product Differentiation is Not for Everyone," Marketing News, Vol. 19, No. 2, p. 1.
31.
Rathmell, John M. (1966), "What is Meant by Services?" Journal of Marketing, October, pp. 32-36.
32.
Shostack, G. Lynn (1977), "Breaking Free From Product Marketing," Journal of Marketing, April, pp. 73-80.
33.
Thomas, Dan R.E. (1978), "Strategy is Different in Service Business," Harvard Business Review, July-August, pp. 158-165.