Ramon Llull (d. 1316) was admired by early nineteenth and twentieth-century protestant missionaries as an enlightened model for evangelical mission, noted for his attempts to convert Muslims to Christianity through non-polemical means. A close examination of Llull's Vita and Book of the Gentile, however, indicates strong Islamic monotheistic influences on his thought. This aspect of his work speaks to the complexity of his time, and calls into question the accuracy of his use by later missionaries. This article evaluates Llull's monotheism and Islamic thought in light of Niebuhr's radical monotheism and examines its implications for interfaith work.
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